بررسی متغیرهای موثر بر قدرت علمی و فناوری و ارائه مدل ارزیابی قدرت علمی و فناوری کشورها

پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی

مقاله 2، دوره 1، شماره 3، آبان 1395، صفحه 29-65   

نوع مقاله: مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pg.v3i3.60424

نویسندگان

سید جواد موسوی زارع؛ سیّد هادی زرقانی^* ؛ هادی اعظمی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

قدرت ملی، دارای منابع و سرچشمه‌های متعددی از جمله علم و فناوری است. این مؤلفه قدرت ملی به دلیل کارکرد بستر ساز آن در تولید و تقویت سایر ابعاد قدرت، همانند قدرت اقتصادی، نظامی و... از نقش کلیدی و مهمی در این عرصه برخوردار است. ازاین‌رو، این پژوهش با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با استناد به منابع کتابخانه‌ای و پژوهش میدانی به دنبال پاسخ به این سؤال است که: مهم‌ترین متغیرها و شاخص‌های شکل‌دهنده به قدرت علمی و فناوری کشورها کدام اند. یافته‌ها و نتایج پژوهش شامل دو بخش مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی است. بر این اساس، ابتدا در بخش مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و با مراجعه به منابع معتبر مهم‌ترین شاخص‌ها و متغیرهای مؤثر بر قدرت علمی و فناوری کشورها استخراج گردید و با توجه به ماهیت و نقش آنها، این متغیرها در قالب شش عامل (فاکتور) نیروی انسانی، مالی و اقتصادی، میانجی، فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، برونداد علمی و عملکرد در علوم استراتژیک، طبقه‌بندی گردیدند. در بخش مطالعات میدانی، نیز پرسشنامه‌ای در قالب 6 فاکتور و 102 شاخص به دو زبان فارسی و انگلیسی طراحی گردید و در اختیار صاحب نظران داخلی و خارجی قرار گرفت. بر اساس تجزیه‌وتحلیل پرسشنامه‌ها، مهم‌ترین متغیرها و شاخص‌های قدرت علمی و فناوری شناخته شد و همچنین اولویت‌بندی فاکتورهای شش گانه نیز مشخص گشت. بر این اساس، فاکتورهای مالی -اقتصادی، نیروی انسانی و برونداد علمی و نوآوری به ترتیب اولویت اول تا سوم را به خود اختصاص دادند. درنهایت با توجه به یافته‌های کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی، مدل مفهومی پیشنهادی ارزیابی و سنجش قدرت علمی کشورها در قالب 6 فاکتور و 44 متغیّر طراحی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

قدرت ملی؛ علم و فناوری؛ سنجش؛ نوآوری

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