بررسی ارتباط میان فراوانی منابع طبیعی و سرمایه انسانی در کشورهای عضو اوپک

اقتصاد و توسعه منطقه ای

مقاله 3، دوره 22، شماره 9، دی 1394، صفحه 95-130   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/erd.v22i9.36204

نویسندگان

فرزانه احمدیان یزدی^{* 1}؛ محمدحسین مهدوی عادلی²

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

سرمایه انسانی یا به عبارتی کیفیت نیروی کار و یا دانش نهادینه شده در بشر یکی از موضوعات مهم در دهه اخیر می باشد، زیرا توجه به این سرمایه، می تواند باعث افزایش تولید و رشد و توسعه اقتصادی کشورها گردد. از این رو در این مقاله به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر انباشت سرمایه انسانی با تأکید بر نقش فراوانی منابع طبیعی، برای منتخبی از کشورهای عضو سازمان اوپک طی دوره زمانی 2000-2012 پرداخته شده است. بدین منظور از الگوی سرمایه انسانی آرتورو (2001) استفاده شده است و با توجه به ماهیت طبیعی کشورهای مورد مطالعه، متغیر رانت نفت که به عنوان شاخصی برای فراوانی منابع نفتی در نظر گرفته شده، به آن اضافه شده است. به منظور تخمین ضرایب معادله طراحی شده، از روش داده های تابلویی (مقطعی و سری زمانی) بهره گرفته شده است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از تخمین معادله، متغیر فراوانی منابع دارای اثر منفی بر انباشت سرمایه انسانی می باشد؛ به این ترتیب که ضریب مربوط به آن برابر 11/0- شده است. از این رو رانت عظیم به دست آمده از صادرات نفت در کشورهای مورد مطالعه نه تنها موهبتی برای آنها محسوب نمی شود بلکه در بلندمدت منجربه کندی رشد اقتصادی این کشورها نیز خواهد شد. ارتباط میان متغیرهای امید به زندگی و رشد اقتصادی با سرمایه انسانی نیز مطابق مبانی نظری موجود، مثبت می باشد و ضرایب به دست آمده برای این دو متغیر به ترتیب 84/1 درصد و 26/0 درصد می باشد.همچنین نتایج حاکی از این مطلب هستند که رشد جمعیت دارای تأثیر منفی برابر با 08/0- درصد بر انباشت سرمایه انسانی در این کشورها می باشد؛از این رو اتخاذ سیاست رشد جمعیت نمی-تواند منجربه بالا رفتن سرمایه انسانی در این کشورها گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سرمایه انسانی؛ فراوانی منابع؛ رانت نفت؛ روش داده های تابلویی

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