برهان حدوث در مغرب زمین

جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام

مقاله 2، دوره 41، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 82، خرداد 1388، صفحه 48-80   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/philosophy.v41i1.3177

نویسنده

سیدمرتضی حسینی شاهرودی^*

چکیده

برهان حدوث یکی از دیرینه ترین براهین وجود خدا است که تقریرهای کلامی و فلسفی متعدد دارد. آنچه در این مقاله مورد بررسی قرار گرفته صورت متعارف آن در مغرب زمین است که به حدوث زمانی جهان پرداخته و از این طریق وجود خدا را اثبات کرده است. تقریرهای دیگر آن مانند حدوث ذاتی و نیز حدوث جوهری که در فلسفه اسلامی مورد توجه ویژه قرار دارد، در مغرب زمین یا اصلاً مطرح نگردیده و یا بدان تصریح نشده است. نویسنده در این مقاله بر آن است تا با تکیه بر منابع قدیم و جدید علمی و کلامی مغرب زمین، به بازخوانی و نقد و بررسی آن بپردازد. در این نوشتار، دو برهان عقلی و دو دلیل علمی بر مهم ترین مقدمه آن ارائه شده است. دو دلیل عقلی آن بر امتناع وجود نامتناهی بالفعل و امتناع افزایش بر نامتناهی بالقوه و تبدیل آن به نامتناهی بالفعل تأکید دارد و دو دلیل علمی آن از مدل های مربوط به آفرینش و اص.ل ترمودینامیک اخذ شده است. ضمن طرح نظریه های متعدد فیلسوفان و متکلمان موافق و مخالف، به نقد و بررسی آن خواهیم پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خلق از عدم: نامتناهی بالفعل: مدل مه‌بانگ: مدل نوسانی: مدل؛ یکنواختی

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