تبیین ارتباط فرهنگ و قدرت در روابط بین‎الملل نگرش‌های انتقادی، پساساختارگرا، سازه‎انگار

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 2، دوره 7، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1397، صفحه 29-52   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jipr.v7i1.68293

نویسندگان

محمد حسین جمشیدی^* ؛ افشین شامیری

دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

در باب تحولات مفهومی قدرت و فرهنگ و تأثیر این دو پدیده اجتماعی، مطالعات گسترده­ا‎ی در روابط بین‎الملل صورت گرفته است، اما کمتر تحقیقی به ارتباط متقابل این دو در عرصه روابط بین‌الملل پرداخته است؛ درحالی‌که امروزه اهمیت این ارتباط به‌ویژه با طرح نظریه قدرت هوشمند از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است. بر این مبنا، پژوهش حاضر درصدد است تا در چارچوب مفهومی قدرت و بر اساس روش مقایسه‎، نحوه ارتباط فرهنگ و قدرت را در سه رویکرد انتقادی، پساساختارگرایی و سازه‎انگاری مورد بررسی قرار دهد. انتقادی‎ها، پساساختارگراها و سازه انگاران هر کدام به ترتیب نقش ابزاری، قوام‌بخش یا گفتمانی و تکوینی برای فرهنگ نسبت به قدرت قائل هستند. دراین‌ارتباط، سؤال این پژوهش این است که رویکردهای سه‌گانه انتقادی، پسا ساختارگرایی و سازه‌انگاری چگونه ارتباط فرهنگ و قدرت را در عرصه روابط بین‌الملل تبیین می‌­کنند. یافته­ها حاکی از آن است که با مقایسه دیدگاه سه رویکرد فوق در باب ارتباط قدرت و فرهنگ در روابط بین‌الملل، درمی­یابیم که این دو پدیده در عرصه روابط بین‌الملل در یک فضای سیال و پویا مرکب از مفاهیم فرهنگی ایدئولوژی، معنا، هویت‌سازی، هنجار آفرینی به شکلی متقابل به یکدیگر قوام می‌بخشند و در این قوام‌بخشی متقابل و پایان‌ناپذیر است که تأثیرات متقابل قدرت و فرهنگ در قالب امنیت، نظم و ثبات ظهور پیدا می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

قدرت؛ فرهنگ؛ رویکرد انتقادی؛ پساساختارگرایی؛ سازه‎انگاری

مراجع

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