قانون حاکم بر حمل‌ونقل چندوجهی در چارچوب قواعد هامبورگ و قواعد رتردام

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

مقاله 3، دوره 24، شماره 11، اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 56-83   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/le.v24i11.60847

نویسندگان

نگار روخ چکاو؛ اعظم انصاری^*

فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

استفاده از کانتینرها به عنوان ابزار حمل محموله‌ها در دهه‌های اخیر به‌سرعت رواج یافته و منجر به پیدایش مفهوم حمل‌ونقل چندوجهی گردیده است. این شیوه از حمل‌ونقل حداقل با ترکیبی از دو شیوه مختلف حمل و در قالب یک قرارداد واحد صورت می‌پذیرد. متأسفانه در حال حاضر هیچ قانون متحدالشکل بین‌المللی در حوزه حمل‌ونقل چندوجهی وجود ندارد و انتظار ایجاد چنین قانونی در آینده نزدیک نیز نمی‌رود؛ بنابراین تمامی کنوانسیون‌های بین‌المللی حمل‌ونقل یک‌وجهی در مورد مرحله مرتبط با آن‌ها در حمل‌ونقل چندوجهی اعمال می‌گردند. درهرحال در مواردی هم‌پوشانی‌های قابل توجهی میان مقررات لازم‌الاجرای کنوانسیون‌های یک‌وجهیِ مختلف در مورد حمل‌ونقل چندوجهی وجود دارد و این هم‌پوشانی‌ها مشکلاتی را در زمینه قانون حاکم بر حمل‌ونقل چندوجهی ایجاد می‌نمایند. به‌منظور رفع این مشکل در برخی موارد کنوانسیون‌های حمل یک‌وجهی قواعد حل تعارضی را ایجاد نموده‌اند. این نوشتار با استفاده از روش توصیفی – تحلیلی موارد محتمل بروز هم‌پوشانی‌هایی میان مقررات قواعد هامبورگ و قواعد رتردام (به عنوان دو کنوانسیون بین‌المللی مرتبط با حمل دریایی) در حمل‌ونقل چندوجهی و قواعد حل تعارض آن‌ها در مورد این هم‌پوشانی‌ها را واکاوی می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حمل کالا؛ حمل و نقل چندوجهی؛ کنوانسیون‌های یک‌وجهی؛ تعارض قوانین

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