گونه‌شناسی روش اندیشمندان مسلمان در نظریه عدالت اقتصادی

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

مقاله 1، دوره 24، شماره 12، اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 1-22   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/le.v24i12.51273

نویسنده

سید مهدی معلمی^*

جامعه المصطفی العالمیه قم

چکیده

ادیان الاهی به‌ویژه دین اسلام، بر تحقق عدالت در همة ابعاد زندگی تأکید دارند؛ امّا همواره بین اندیشمندان مسلمان در مفهوم عدالت و روش کشف آن، اختلاف نظر بوده است. در این میان مباحث عدالت‌ اقتصادی به دلیل ارتباط مستقیم با حیات و معیشت انسان‌ها وحقوق اقتصادی ایشان، بیش از سایر حوزه‌ها نظر اندیشمندان مسلمان را به خود جلب کرده است.
رابطه عدالت اقتصادی و حقوق اقتصادی و همچنین ویژگی‌هایی همچون اصل امضایی بودن فرامین شارع مقدس در امور اقتصادی و جایگاه عرف و بناء عقلا در تعیین مصادیق حقوق اقتصادی، سبب تفاوت ماهوی مباحث روش‌شناسی عدالت در حوزه اقتصاد با سایر حوزه‌‌های عدالت‌پژوهی می‌گردد.
نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که فضای کلی «مبناگرایی» بر روش اندیشمندان مسلمان در مباحث عدالت اقتصادی، حاکم بوده است. با تحلیل این نظریات، چهار گونه‌ی «مبنا گراییِ نص-محور»، «مبنا گرایی علِّی»، «مبناگرایی فطری- ولایی» و «مبناگرایی منسجِم کارکردگرا» به عنوان مهمترین روش‌های شناخت عدالت اقتصادی در آثار اندیشمندان مسلمان، مشاهده می‌شود.
این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد روش «مبناگرایی منسجِم کارکردگرا» نسبت به سایر روش‌ها، برای شناخت عدالت اقتصادی در آموزه‌های اسلامی، از اصالت و کارآمدی بیشتری برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عدالت اقتصادی؛ فلسفه عدالت؛ روش شناسی؛ مبناگرایی

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