مروری بر سیستم‌های زهکشی پایدار شهری در تطبیق با اثرات تغییر اقلیم

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 10، دوره 4، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 9، اسفند 1396، صفحه 81-94   

نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- ترویجی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v4i2.55958

نویسندگان

نگین بینش¹؛ محمد حسین نیک سخن^{* 2}؛ امین سارنگ¹

¹دانشگاه تهران

²دانشکده محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

دو عامل روند تغییرات اقلیمی و توسعه شهری به دلیل اثرات نامطلوب بر بارش‌های حدّی و محیط‏زیست شهری، زیرساخت‌های زهکشی شهرها را به چالش می‌کشند. سیستم‌های زهکشی پایدار، امروزه به دلیل اثرات مثبتی که بر کنترل کمیت و کیفیت آب و نیز خدمات رفاهی و تفریحی مرتبط با آب در مناظر و چشم‌اندازهای شهری دارند، توجه زیادی را به خود جلب نموده‏اند. امروزه توافق بر سر این مسئله نیز ایجاد شده که استفاده از رویکرد زهکشی پایدار، در کاهش اثرات تغییر اقلیم جهانی و تطبیق با این پدیده که هم‌اکنون نیز آغاز شده است، مؤثر است. این مقاله به مرور پیشرفت‌های اخیر در توسعه زهکشی پایدار بر اساس تحقیقات میان‌رشته‌ای صورت گرفته، می‌پردازد. بدین‌صورت که دلایل نیاز حرکت به‌سوی سیستم‌های پایدار زهکشی شهری ذکر گردیده و مدل‌های موجود و رویکردهای شبیه‌سازی و ابزارهای تصمیم‏یار برای ارزیابی گزینه‌های زهکشی پایدار نیز مورد بحث و مقایسه قرار می‌گیرند. این مقاله همچنین به بررسی برخی محدودیت‌ها و چالش‌های موجود در رابطه با کاربرد تکنیک‌های زهکشی پایدار پرداخته و نهایتاً به بحث و نتیجه‏گیری از مباحث مذکور می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زهکشی پایدار؛ شهر؛ رواناب؛ تغییر اقلیم

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