تأثیر تنش خشکی و روش کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 5، شماره 1، خرداد 1393، صفحه 79-90   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v1393i1.46203

نویسندگان

لاله عباسلو^* ؛ سید عبدالرضا کاظمینی؛ محسن عدالت

دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی و روش کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز به‌صورت اسپلیت‌فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی، قطع آبیاری بر اساس مراحل رشدی نخود (دو هفته پس از سبزشدنI1=، گلدهی I2=و آبیاری نرمالI3=) و فاکتور فرعی شامل ترکیبی از دو رقم نخود (آرمان و آزاد) و روش کاشت (کرتی، درون جوی و روی پشته) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین میزان غلاف در بوته، دانه در بوته، درصد غلاف دودانه ای، وزن100دانه، عملکرد دانه، و عملکرد بیولوژیک به‌ترتیب در تیمار I3 و I1 به‌دست آمد و در مورد درصد غلاف پوک، روند برعکس بود. از نظر روش کاشت، بیشترین میزان غلاف در بوته، دانه در بوته، درصد غلاف دودانه ای، وزن100دانه و عملکرد دانه، در روش کاشت روی پشته به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی رقم آزاد به‌طور معنی‌داری از عملکرد دانه بیشتری نسبت به رقم آرمان (164 در مقابل117‌گرم در مترمربع) برخوردار بود و رقم مناسب برای این منطقه می باشد. هرچند تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، عملکرد دانه در هر دو رقم نخود کاهش یافت، ولی تغییر در روش کاشت از کرتی به کشت روی پشته در تیمارهای قطع زودهنگام آبیاری(I1) و یا در مرحله گلدهی(I2)، به‌عنوان یک روش زراعی می تواند باعث کاهش خسارت ایجادشده به‌ترتیب تا میزان 26 و 32‌درصد شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعداد دانه در غلاف؛ قطع آبیاری؛ کاشت روی پشته؛ گلدهی

مراجع

1. Anonymous. 2001. Nitrogen fixing organisms (Diazotrophs). http://www.asahi-et.or.ir./it61-wtnb/BNF.html.

2. Anwar, M.R., Mckenzie, B.A., and Hill, G.D. 2003. The effect of irrigation and sowing date on crop yield and yield component of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a cool-temperate subhumid climate. Journal of Agriculture Science 141: 259-271.

3. Begum, N., Husain, M., and Chowdury, S.I. 1992. Effect of sowing date and plant density on pod borer incidence and grain yield of chickpea in Bangladesh. International Chickpea Newsletter 27: 19-21.

4. Calcagno, F., Gallo, G., Iaian, M., and Raimondo, I. 1988. Effects of plant density on seed yield and it’s components for ten chickpea genotypes grown in Sicily, Italy. International Chickpea Newsletter 18: 29-31.

5. Chaghamirza, K., and Farshadfar, E.A. 2005. Study of relationships between yield and yield components in chickpea. Abstract of 9th Iranian Congress of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran.

6. Eivazi, A., Taghikhani, H., Shiralizadeh, Sh., Rezaei, M., and Mousavi Anzabi, S.H. 2012. Evaluation of response of chickpea genotypes to water deficit at different growth stages by using drought tolerance indices. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 3(1): 81-92. (In Persian with English Summary).

7. Fahong, W., Xoging, W., and Sayre, K. 2004. Comparison of conventional, flood irrigated, flat planting with furrow irrigated, raised bed planting for winter wheat in China. Field Crop Research 87: 35-42.

8. Fang, X., Turner, N.C., Yan, G., Li, F., and Siddique, K.H.M. 2010. Flower numbers, pod production, pollen viability, and pistil function are reduced and flower and pod abortion increased in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under terminal drought. Journal of Experimental Botany 61: 335-345.

9. FAO. 2012. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.Faostate.fao.org.

10. Farbodnia, T. 1995. Effect of drought stress on germination, growth and some biochemical changes induced by stress in Iranian chickpea lines. MSc. Thesis in Biology, Plant Sciences. Tehran University of Teacher Education, p. 125.

11. Geletu Bejiga, H.A., Van Rheenen, C.A., Jagadish, C.A., and Singh, O. 1991. Correlation between yield and it’s components in segregation population of different generations of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Legume Research 14: 87-91.

12. Goldani, M., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2004. Effect of planting date on yield and yield components of rainfed and irrigated chickpea cultivars in Mashhad. Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 229-239. (In Persian with English Summary).

13. Jalilian, J., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M., and Sabaghpour, S.H. 2005. Effect of plant density and irrigation on yield, yield components and protein content of four varieties of chickpea in rainfed conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 12: 1-9.

14. Jalota, S.K., Sood, A., and Harman, W.L. 2006. Assessing the response of chickpea (Cicer aeritinum L.) yield to irrigation water on two soils in Punjab (India): A simulation analysis using the CROPMAN model. Agricultural Water Management 79: 312-320.

15. Kanouni, H., Ahmadi, M.K., Sabaghpour, S.H., Malhotra, R.S., and Ketata, H. 2003. Evaluation of spring sowed chickpea varieties for drought tolerance. International Chickpea Conference. Raipur, Chhattisgrah, India.

16. Keating, J.D.H., and Cooper, P.J.M. 1983. Kabuli chickpea as a winter-sown crop in northern Syria: moisture relations and crop productivity. Journal of Agricultural Science 100: 667-680.

17. Khan, M.J., and Khattak, R.A. 2000. Influence of sowing methods on the productivity of canola grown in saline soil. Pakistan Journal Biological Science 3: 687-691.

18. Khanna-Chopra, R., and Sinha, S.K. 1987. Chickpea: physiological aspects of growth and yield. In: M.C. Saxena and K.B. Singh (Eds.). The Chickpea. p. 163-189. C.A.B. International, UK.

19. Kumar, A.M. 2010. Plant water relations and photosynthetic activity in three Tunisian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotype subjected to drought. Turkish Journal Agriculture Forestry 34: 257-264.

20. Leport, L., Turner, N.C., Davies, S.L., and Siddique, K.H.M. 2006. Variation in pod production and abortion among chickpea cultivars under terminal drought. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 236-246.

21. Leport, L., Turner, N.C., French, R.J., Barr, M.D., Duda, R., Davies, S.L., Tennant, D., and Siddique, K.H.M. 1999. Physiological responses of chickpea genotypes to terminal drought in a Mediterranean-type environment. European Journal of Agronomy 11: 279-291.

22. Liu, F., Jensen, C.R., and Andersen, M.N. 2004. Drought stress effect on carbohydrate concentration in soybean leaves and pods during early reproductive development: its implication in altering pod set. Field Crops Research 86: 1-13.

23. Majnoun Hosseini, N., and Hamzeii, R. 2011. Effect of winter and spring planting time on yield and yield components of chickpea at dry land conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 1(2): 59-68. (In Persian with English Summary).

24. Mohammadi, A., Bihamta, M.R., and Dorri, H. 2011. Effects of factors affecting cooking characteristics and protein content in 15 red bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 1: 143-152. (In Persian with English Summary).

25. Mohammadian, R., Moghaddam, M., Rahimian, H., and Sadeghian, S.Y. 2005. Effect of early season drought stress on growth characteristics of sugar beet genotypes. Turkish Journal of Agriculture 29: 357-368.

26. Nelson, C. 2001. Untapped Potential: Irrigated Chickpea Production. p. 43-55. Proc. Southern Alberta Conserv. Assoc. Dryland and Irrigated Reduced Tillage Conf., 1-2 Dec. 2001, Lethbridge, Canada.

27. Oweis, T., Hachum, A., and Pala, M. 2004. Water use efficiency of winter sown chickpea under supplemental irrigation in a Mediterranean environment. Agriculture Water Management 66: 163-179.

28. Pacucci, G., Troccoli, C., and Leoni, B. 2006. Effects of supplementary irrigation on yield of chickpea genotypes in a Mediterranean climate. Agricultural Engineering International; The CIGRE Journal 3: 1-9.

29. Pala, M., and Mazid, A. 1992. On farm assessment of improved crop production practices in North West Syria. I. Chickpea. Experimental of Agriculture 28: 175-184.

30. Parsa, M., Ganjali, A., Rezaeanzadeh, A., and Nezami, A. 2011. Effect of supplemental irrigation on yield and growth indices of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 9(3): 310-321. (In Persian with English Summary).

31. Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Sadeghi Samarjan, R. 2008. Effect of different planting dates and different irrigation regimes on morphological characteristics and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) ILC3279 cultivars in the climatic conditions Neyshabur. Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 315-325.

32. Sabaghpour, S.H. 2001. Major diseases of chickpea in Iran. In Proceeding of Symposium on Grain Legumes in the Mediterranean. Agriculture, (LEGUMED), 25-27 October 2001. Rabat, Morocco.

33. Shaikh, A.A., Jadhav, B.D., and Wattam War, M.J. 1994. Effects of planting layouts, mulching and fertilizers on dry matter accumulation and energy relationship in rainfall pearl millet. Journal Maharashtra Agriculture University 19: 421-423.

34. Silim, S.N., Saxana, M.C., and Singh, K.B. 1993. Adaptation of spring-sown chickpea to the Mediterranean basin. II. Factors influencing yield under drought. Field Crops Research 34: 137-141.

35. Singh, D.P., Singh, P., Sharma, H.C., and Turner, N.C. 1987. Influence of water deficit on the water relations, canopy gas exchange and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Field Crops Research 16: 231- 241.

36. Soltani, A., Khooie, F.R., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., and Moghaddam, M. 2000. Thresholds for chickpea leaf expansion and transpiration response to soil water deficit. Field Crops Research 68: 205-210.

37. Soltani, A., Khooie, F.R., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., and Moghaddam, M. 2001. A simulation study of chickpea crop response to limited irrigation in a semiarid environment. Agriculture Water Management 49: 225-237.