Effect of different levels of milkweed (Calotropis persica)seed powder on the growth parameters, immunity and gut microbiota of Oncorhynchus mykiss

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology

مقاله 7، دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 20، اسفند 2019، صفحه 43-50   

نوع مقاله: Research Articles

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/veterinary.v1i11.76088

نویسندگان

Hamidreza Ahmadniaye Motlagh^{* 1}؛ Omid Safari¹؛ Marina Paolucci²

¹Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

²University of Sannio

چکیده

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the inclusion potential of five levels of Calotropis persica seed powder (CSP) (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/kg of the basal diet) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diet, in a completely randomized design. To perform the test, 3600 fries (11.5 ± 3.64 g) were treated for 56 days. According to the results, the increase in milkweed seed powder up to 40 g/kg, resulted in a significant increase in specific growth rate and intestinal lactic acid bacteria count compared to the control (p < 0.05). The best results of survival rate, feed conversion ratio, hepatosomatic and gastrosomatic indices were achieved in the treatments receiving 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/kg CSP (p < 0.05). Antibacterial activity of skin mucus, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase showed the highest level in the 40 g/kg treatment (p < 0.05). Based on the results, the inclusion of 40 g/kg milkweed seed powder caused positive health effects and could be a suitable herbal feed additive in the rainbow trout diet.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Calotropis persica؛ growth؛ immunity؛ Gut microbiota؛ Oncorhynchus mykiss

مراجع

1. Citarasu T. Herbal biomedicines: A new opportunity for

aquaculture industry. Aquac Int. 2010;18(3):403–14.

2. Safari O, Paolucci M. Eff ects of dietary onion (Allium cepa)

powder on growth performance, hemolymph indices and

fi llet organoleptic properties of juvenile narrow-clawed crayfi

sh, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823.

Aquac Nutr. 2017;23(6):1418–1428.

3. Sotoudeh A, Yeganeh S. Eff ects of supplementary fennel (Foeniculum

vulgare) essential oil in diet on growth and reproductive

performance of the ornamental fi sh, Convict cichlid

(Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). Aquac Res. 2017;48(8):4284–

4291.

4. Van Hai N. Th e use of medicinal plants as immunostimulants

in aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture. 2015;446(4):88–96.

5. Awad E, Awaad A. Role of medicinal plants on growth performance

and immune status in fi sh. Fish Shellfi sh Immunol.

2017;67:40–54.

6. Meena AK, Yadav AK, Niranjan US, Singh B, Nagariya AK,

Sharma K, et al. A review on Calotropis procera Linn and its

ethnobotany, phytochemical, pharmacological profi le. Drug

Invent Today. 2010;2(2):185–190.

7. Nourbakhsh A, Ashori A, Kouhpayehzadeh M. Giant milkweed

(Calotropis persica) fi bers—a potential reinforcement

agent for thermoplastics composites. J Reinf Plast Compos.

2009;28(17):2143–2149.

8. Rahman MA, Wilcock CC. A taxonomic revision of Calotropis

(Asclepiadaceae). Nord J Bot. 1991;11(3):301–308.

9. Lima-Filho JV, Patriota JM, Silva

AF, Nicodemos Filho T, Oliveira RS,

Alencar NM, et al. Proteins from latex

of Calotropis procera prevent

septic shock due to lethal infection

by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

J Ethnopharmacol.

2010;129(3):327–334.

10. Lee H-S, Lim W-C, Choi J-H, Yu H-J,

Kim K-H, Lee S-H, et al. Ameliorating

eff ects of lactic acid-fermented

garlic extracts on oleic acid-induced

hepatic steatosis. An J Food Sci Technol.

2014;46(6):762–768.

11. Phoo ZWMM, Razon LF, Knothe G,

Ilham Z, Goembira F, Madrazo CF,

et al. Evaluation of Indian milkweed

(Calotropis gigantea) seed oil as alternative

feedstock for biodiesel. Ind

Crops Prod. 2014;54:226–232.

12. Usha K, Singh B, Praseetha P, Deepa

N, Agarwal DK, Agarwal R, et al.

Antifungal activity of Datura stramonium,

Calotropis gigantea and

Azadirachta indica against Fusarium

mangiferae and fl oral malformation

in mango. Eur J Plant Pathol.

2009;124(4):637–657.

13. Gupta A, Chaphalkar SR. Immunorestorative

and anti-infl ammatory

activity of leaf aqueous extract of

Calotropis gigantean using fl ow cytometry.

Int J Drug Discov Herb Res.

2014;4(4):761–765.

14. Alam MA, Habib MR, Nikkon R,

Rahman M, Karim MR. Antimicrobial

Activity of Akanda (Calotropis

gigantea L.) on Some Pathogenic

Bacteria. Bangladesh J Sci Ind Res.

2008;43(3):397–404.

15. Wang AR, Ran C, Ringø E, Zhou

ZG. Progress in fi sh gastrointestinal

microbiota research. Rev Aquac.

2018;10(3):626–640.

16. Ahmadniaye Motlagh H, Safari O,

Farhangi M, Lashkarizadeh-Bami

M. Evolution of the digestive enzymes

and bacterial changes of the

gastrointestinal tract of the Artemia

urmiana during growth period. ISJ.

2017;14:312–23.

17. Ahmadnia Motlagh HR, Farhangi M,

Rafi ee G, Noori F. Modulating gut

microbiota and digestive enzyme activities

of Artemia urmiana by administration

of diff erent levels of Bacillus

subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis.

Aquac Int. 2012;20(4):693–705.

18. Charalampopoulos D, Wang R, Pandiella

SS, Webb C. Application of

cereals and cereal components in

functional foods: a review. Int J Food

Microbiol. 2002;79(1–2):131–141.

19. Shahnaz Jabari, Imanpoor M, Taghizadeh

V, Safari O, Motlagh HA. Effects

of diff erent levels of Pediococous

acidlactici in the diet on survival rate

of broodstocks, cyst and naupli production,

immunological enzymes

and coloy count of digestive tract of

Artemia franciscana. J Anim Environ.

2015;7(3):189–98.

20. Safari O, Paolucci M. Modulation of

growth performance, immunity, and

disease resistance in narrow-clawed

crayfi sh, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus

(Eschscholtz, 1823) upon

synbiotic feeding. Aquaculture.

2017;479:333–41.

21. Guardiola FA, Cuesta A, Arizcun M,

Meseguer J, Esteban MA. Comparative

skin mucus and serum humoral

defence mechanisms in the teleost gilthead

seabream (Sparus aurata). Fish

Shellfi sh Immunol. 2014;36(2):545–

551.

22. Ángeles Esteban M. An overview of

the immunological defenses in fi sh

skin. ISRN Immunol. 2012;10(3):189–

101.

23. Dawood MAO, Koshio S, El-Sabagh

M, Billah MdM, Zaineldin AI, Zayed

MM, et al. Changes in the growth,

humoral and mucosal immune responses

following β-glucan and vitamin

C administration in red sea

bream, Pagrus major. Aquaculture.

2017;470(3):214–22.

24. Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Bakhrouf A,

Esteban MA. Eff ects of dietary supplementation

with fenugreek seeds,

alone or in combination with probiotics,

on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata

L.) skin mucosal immunity. Fish

Shellfi sh Immunol. 2017;65:169–78.

25. Safari O, Paolucci M, Motlagh HA.

Eff ects of synbiotics on immunity and

disease resistance of narrow-clawed

crayfi sh, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus

(Eschscholtz, 1823). Fish &

shellfi sh immunology. 2017;64:392–

400.

26. Safari O, Paolucci M, Motlagh HA.

Eff ects of synbiotics on immunity and

disease resistance of narrow-clawed

crayfi sh, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus

(Eschscholtz, 1823). Fish &

shellfi sh immunology. 2017;64:392–

400.

27. Ndong D, Fall J. Th e eff ect of garlic

(Allium sativum) on growth and

immune responses of hybrid tilapia

(Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis

aureus). J Clin Immunol Immunopathol

Res. 2011;3(1):1–9.

28. Akrami R, Gharaei A, Mansour MR,

Galeshi A. Eff ects of dietary onion

(Allium cepa) powder on growth,

innate immune response and hemato–

biochemical parameters of beluga

(Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754) juvenile.

Fish Shellfi sh Immunol. 2015

Aug;45(2):828–34.

29. Adel M, Abedian Amiri A, Zorriehzahra

J, Nematolahi A, Esteban MÁ.

Eff ects of dietary peppermint (Mentha

piperita) on growth performance,

chemical body composition and hematological

and immune parameters

of fry Caspian white fi sh (Rutilus frisii

kutum). Fish Shellfi sh Immunol. 2015

Aug 1;45(2):841–7.

30. Ghehdarijani MS, Hajimoradloo A,

Ghorbani R, Roohi Z. Th e eff ects of

garlic-supplemented diets on skin

mucosal immune responses, stress

resistance and growth performance

of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus)

fry. Fish Shellfi sh Immunol. 2016 Feb

1;49:79–83.

31. Akrami R, Gharaei A, Mansour MR,

Galeshi A. Eff ects of dietary onion

(Allium cepa) powder on growth,

innate immune response and hemato–

biochemical parameters of beluga

(Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754) juvenile.

Fish Shellfi sh Immunol. 2015

Aug;45(2):828–34.

32. Adel M, Safari R, Pourgholam R,

Zorriehzahra J, Esteban MÁ. Dietary

peppermint (Mentha piperita) extracts

promote growth performance

and increase the main humoral immune

parameters (both at mucosal

and systemic level) of Caspian brown

trout (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler,

1877). Fish Shellfi sh Immunol. 2015

Nov 1;47(1):623–9.

33. Subramanian S, Ross NW, MacKinnon

SL. Comparison of antimicrobial

activity in the epidermal mucus extracts

of fi sh. Comparative Biochemistry

and Physiology Part B: Comp

Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.

2008;150(1):85–92.

34. Magnadottir B. Innate immunity of

fi sh (overview). Fish Shellfi sh Immunol.

2006;20(2):137–151.

35. Velmurugan S, Viji VT, Babu MM,

Punitha MJ, Citarasu T. Antimicrobial

eff ect of Calotropis procera active

principles against aquatic microbial

pathogens isolated from shrimp

and fi shes. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed.

2012;2(2):S812–S817.

36. Alam MA, Habib MR, Nikkon R,

Rahman M, Karim MR. Antimicrobial

Activity of Akanda (Calotropis

gigantea L.) on Some Pathogenic

Bacteria. Bangladesh J Sci Ind Res.

2008;43(3):397–404.

37. Safari, O. sang Atash, M. ahmadnia H.

Study on the biological activities ofessential

oils in vitex pseudo-negundo

and calotropis persica. In: 2nd National

Congress on Medicinal Plants.

2013. p. 795.

38. Safari O, Sarkheil M. Dietary administration

of eryngii mushroom (

Pleurotus eryngii ) powder on haemato-

immunological responses, bactericidal

activity of skin mucus and

growth performance of koi carp fi ngerlings

(Cyprinus carpio koi). Fish

Shellfi sh Immunol. 2018:80(3):505–

13.

39. Council NR, Studies D on E and L,

Resources B on A and N, Shrimp C

on the NR of F and. Nutrient Requirements

of Fish and Shrimp. National

Academies Press; 2011. 19 p.

40. Halver J. Fish Nutrition. Elsevier;

2013. 726 p.

41. Farhangi M, Carter CG. Growth,

physiological and immunological

responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus

mykiss) to diff erent dietary

inclusion levels of dehulled lupin

(Lupinus angustifolius). Aquac Res.

2001;32:329–340.

42. Horwitz W. Offi cial methods of analysis

of AOAC International. Volume I,

agricultural chemicals, contaminants,

drugs/edited by William Horwitz.

Gaithersburg (Maryland): AOAC International,

1997.; 2010.

43. Demers NE, Bayne CJ. Th e immediate

eff ects of stress on hormones and plasma

lysozyme in rainbow trout. Dev

Comp Immunol. 1997;21(4):363–373.

44. Stolen JS, Fletcher TC, Rowley AF,

Zelikoff JT, Kaattari SL, Smith SA.

Techniques in fi sh immunology. SOS

publications; 1994.

45. Neissi A, Rafi ee G, Nematollahi M,

Safari O. Th e eff ect of Pediococcus

acidilactici bacteria used as probiotic

supplement on the growth and

non-specifi c immune responses of

green terror, Aequidens rivulatus. Fish

Shellfi sh Immunol. 2013;35(6):1976–

80.

46. Magarinos B, Pazos F, Santos Y,

Romalde JL, Toranzo AE. Response

of Pasteurella piscicida and Flexibacter

maritimus to skin mucus

of marine fi sh. Dis Aquat Organ.

1995;21(2):103–8.

47. Motlagh HA, Hajimoradlo A. Reproductive

performance and intestinal

bacteria changes of Carassius auratus

(Linnaeus, 1758) brood stocks fed

dietary supplemented by lactoferrin

and. Iran J Of Ichthyol. 2017; 4

48. Kim D, Austin B. Innate immune responses

in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus

mykiss, Walbaum) induced by

probiotics. Fish Shellfi sh Immunol.

2006;21(5):513–524.