نقش تعرفه ترجیحی در یکپارچگی نظام تعرفه‌ها در سازمان تجارت جهانی

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

مقاله 2، دوره 26، شماره 15، مرداد 1398، صفحه 33-54   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/le.v26i16.67120

نویسندگان

محمد حبیبی مجنده¹؛ حسین اسماعیل نسب^{* 2}

¹مفید قم

²دانشگاه مفید قم

چکیده

تفاوت سطح توسعه‌یافتگی و لزوم هماهنگی تجاری میان کشورهای عضو سازمان تجارت جهانی موجب شده است تا کشورهای عضو به‌منظور دستیابی به توسعه پایدار و حمایت از صنایع نوپای داخلی‌شان، به استفاده از ترتیبات تجارت ترجیحی و دیگر اشکال تجاری، خارج از این سازمان و میان خود، روی بیاورند. امری که می‌تواند در درازمدت، در کاهش نرخ تعرفه‌های اعمالی کشورها و یکپارچگی نظام تعرفه‌ها از سوی آنان، بنا بر قواعد سازمان تجارت جهانی مؤثر باشد. این پژوهش، به شیوه توصیفی به بررسی اعمال تعرفه ترجیحی میان کشورهای سازمان تجارت جهانی با توجه به قوانین مبارزه با دامپینگ، اصول لیبرالیسم اقتصادی و تسریع در یکپارچه‌سازی نظام تعرفه‌ها در بخش صنعت پرداخته است و به این نتیجه دست یافته است که، نظام تعرفه‌های ترجیحی دو و چند جانبه ناقض اصول آزادسازی تجاری سازمان تجارت جهانی و اصول تجاری مانند رفتار کامله‌الوداد و رفتار ملی نیست و حتی در ایجاد انسجام دائم نرخ تعرفه‌ها و ایجاد ثبات پایدار در توسعه کشورهای درحال‌توسعه به ازای اعطای یارانه، به بخش‌های تولیدی – صنعتی می‌تواند مفید باشد، اما اجرای صحیح آن جهت یکپارچه شدن تعرفه‌ها، نیازمند نظارت دقیق و به‌کارگیری شیوه‌های نوین مانند تنوع‌بخشی به اقسام تعرفه با تثبیت نرخی به‌عنوان پایه در زمان مذاکره عضویت و یا اخذ گزارش‌های منظم دوره‌ای از کشورهای استفاده کننده از نظام تعرفه ترجیحی به‌منظور ارتقای سطح تولید کالاها بر اساس قواعد مبدأ است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

قرارداد تعرفه ترجیحی؛ یکپارچگی نظام تعرفه ها؛ سازمان تجارت جهانی؛ آزادسازی تجاری

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