Evaluating the Effectiveness of Resettlement Patterns in Improving Quality of Life Indicators in the Earthquake-Stricken Villages (Case Study: Varzeghan County)

Journal of Research and Rural Planning

مقاله 1، دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 25، مرداد 2019، صفحه 1-18   

نوع مقاله: Scientific Articles

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jrrp.v8i2.66242

نویسندگان

Aliakbar Taghilou¹؛ Ali Majnouni Toutakhane^{* 2}؛ Ahmad Aftab³

¹Urmia University

²University of Bonab

³University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

چکیده

Purpose- Nowadays due to the variety of hazards and inappropriate location of some villages, the necessity of their displacement and resettlement is sometimes unavoidable. In order to resettle the villages, they should consider a wide range of social, economic, environmental and political issues so that resettled villages can survive. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of resettlement on the quality of life of the earthquake-stricken villages and explain the factors affecting it in the resettled villages of Varzaghan County.
Design/methodology/approach- The research methodology is descriptive and analytical and the required data were collected using the questionnaire instrument. The study population was 7975 people living in 11 resettled villages in Varzeghan County. The sample size was 382 people who were randomly selected. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was also obtained 0.921 using Cronbach Formula.
Finding- Results indicate that the quality of life of villages in Likert six-point scale was equal to 3.47, and the highest and lowest levels of satisfaction are related to the areas of infrastructure, employment and income. In addition, the results of the factorial analysis were identified in four dimensions for quality of life. In this regard, the four factors of physical, economy, psychology, and housing clearly explain the 90.95% of the variance of quality of life. The results of T, Tukey, and Scheffe tests also showed a significant difference between the resettlement patterns and the quadruple dimensions of quality of life.
Practical implications- With respect to the importance of quality of life in the development and welfare of human societies in resettlement projects, it is necessary to considerate the effects and consequences concerning the quality of life in addition to selecting the optimal rural site in order to improve the residents’ wellbeing while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these projects.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Resettlement؛ quality of life؛ rural settlements؛ Varzeghan

مراجع

1. Afrakhteh, H. (1375/1996). Evaluating the results of the implementation of the plan of rural organization in Iran (Case Study of Sistan and Baluchistan Province), the first conference of Proceedings of organization of dispersed villages, Hamadan. [In Persian].

2. Ballesteros, M. (2002). Rethinking institutional reforms in the Philippine housing sector, no. 16, Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Makati City: Pibs Publication

3. Bathrellos, G. D., Gaki-Papanastassiou, K., Skilodimou, H. D., Papanastassiou, D., & Chousianitis, K. G. (2012). Potential suitability for urban planning and industry development using natural hazard maps and geological–geomorphological parameters. Environmental Earth Sciences, 66(2), 537-548.

4. Biderman, A. D. (1974). Social indicators. In R. L. Clewett & J. C. Olson (Eds.), Whence and whither in social indicators and marketing (pp. 27-44). Chicago: American Marketing Association.

5. Birch, J. (2012). Coalescent communities: Settlement aggregation and social integration in Iroquoian Ontario. American Antiquity, 77(4), 646-670.

6. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., & Wisner, B. (2014). At risk: Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. New York: Routledge.

7. Chung, H. (2010). Building an image of Villages‐in‐the‐city: A clarification of China's distinct urban spaces. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 34(2), 421-437.

8. Connell, J. (2012). Population resettlement in the Pacific: Lessons from a hazardous history? Australian Geographer, 43(2), 127-142.

9. Costanza, R. (2007). Quality of life: An approach integration opportunities, human needs, and subjective well-Being. Ecological Economics, 61(2-3), 267-276.

10. Dunford, M., & Li, L. (2011). Earthquake reconstruction in Wenchuan: Assessing the state overall plan and addressing the ‘forgotten phase’. Applied Geography, 31(3), 998-1009.

11. Fan, M., Li, Y., & Li, W. (2015). Solving one problem by creating a bigger one: The consequences of ecological resettlement for grassland restoration and poverty alleviation in Northwestern China. Land Use Policy, 42, 124-130.‏

12. Hagerty, M. R., R. Cummins, A. L. Ferriss, K. Land, A. C. Michalos, M. Peterson, A. Sharpe, J. Sirgy and J. Vogel. (2001), Quality of life indexes for national policy: Review and agenda for research. Social Indicators Research, 55(1), 58-78.

13. Hardoy, J., & Satterthwaite, D. (1993). Housing policies: A review of changing government attitudes and responses to city housing problems in the third world. In S. G. Cheema (Ed.), Urban management: Policies and innovations in developing countries (pp. 111-161). Routledge.

14. Henderson, H., & Lickerman, J. (2000). Calvert-Henderson quality of life indicators. P. Flynn (Ed.). Bethesda, MD: Calvert Group. ‏

15. Kolodinsky, J. M., DeSisto, T. P., Propen, D., Putnam, M. E., Roche, E., & Sawyer, W. R. (2013). It is not how far you go; it is whether you can get there: Modeling the effects of mobility on quality of life in rural New England. Journal of Transport Geography, 31(1), 113-122.

16. La Rovere, E.L., Mendes, F.E. (2000). Tucuri Hydropower Complex Brazil, Cape Town, South Africa: Case study prepared for the World Commission on Dams. Prepared for the World Commission on Dams (WCD). 224 pages, Available: (http://www.dams.org/kbase/studies/br).

17. Liu, N., Zeng, L., Li, Z., & Wang, J. (2013). "Health-related quality of life and long-term care needs among elderly individuals living alone: a cross-sectional study in rural areas of Shaanxi Province, China. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 313-322.

18. Ortolano, L., & Cushing, K. K. (2000). Grand Coulee dam and The Columbia basin project, USA. case study report prepared as an input to the World Commission on Dams, www. dams. org.‏

19. Pacione, M. (2003). Urban environmental quality and human wellbeing: A social geographical perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65(1-2), 19-30.

20. Petrosillo, I., R. Costanza, R. Aretano, N. Zaccarelli and G. Zurlini. (2013). The use of subjective indicators to assess how natural and social capital support residents’ quality of life in a small volcanic island. Ecological Indicators, 24(1), 609-620

21. Poomalar, G. & Arounassalame, B. (2013). The quality of life during and after menopause among rural women. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7(1), 135-139.

22. Rahmati, M. M. (1385/2006). Socioeconomic transformations of integration of villages in the earthquake-stricken region of Roodbar and Manjil. Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 1(2), 83-110. [in Persian]

23. Rezvani M. R., Badri, S.A., Sepahvand F., & Akbarian Roonizi S. R. (1391/2012). The effects of second home tourism on improving life quality of rural residents, Case: Roudbar-e Qasran Districtـ Shemiranat County. Urban Regional Studies and Research, 4(13), 23-40. [in Persian]

24. Robinson, S. (2000). The experience with dams and resettlement in Mexico. Contributing paper prepared for Thematic Review I.3: Displacement, Resettlement, Rehabilitation, Reparation and Development. Cape Town, South Africa: World Commission on Dams. 14 pages. Available at: http://www.dams.org/

25. Scudder, T. (1998). Resettlement, in Biswas. In A. K. (Ed.), Water resources environmental planning, management, and development (pp. 1-49). New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

26. Stewart, J. (1996). A People Dammed: The Impact of the World Bank Chixoy Hydroelectric Project in Guatamala. Witness for Peace. ‏

27. Taneja, B., Thakkar, H. (2000). Large Dams and Displacement in India. Cape Town, South Africa: Submission no. SOC166 to the World Commission on Dams, 320 pages, Available at: (http://www.dams.org/kbase/submissions/showsub.php?rec=SOC166).

28. Tashi, G., & Foggin, M. (2012). Resettlement as development and progress? Eight years on: Review of emerging social and development impacts of an 'ecological resettlement' project in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Nomadic Peoples, 16(1), 134-151.

29. Tersoo, P. (2014). Agribusiness as a veritable tool for rural development in Nigeria. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 3(1), 26-36.

30. Townsend, R., J. Pascal and M. Delves. (2014). South East Asian migrant experiences in regional Victoria: Exploring well-being. Journal of Sociology, 50(4), 601-615.

31. Wang, Y. (2015). How do we rebuild a disaster damaged heritage settlement: A study of the post-earthquake reconstruction of the village of Taoping. A traditional Qiang settlement in Sichuan China. Published by Brage, New York.

32. Wilmsen, B., Webber, M., & Yuefang, D. (2011). Development for whom? Rural to urban resettlement at the Three Gorges Dam, China. Asian Studies Review, 35(1), 21-42.

33. Xu Y., Tang B., & Chan E. H. W. (2011). State-led land requisition and transformation of rural villages in transitional China. Habitat International, 35(1), 57-65.