تعامل بین قارچ و باکتری محرک رشد و نقش آن‌ها بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سه رقم لوبیاقرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 13، دوره 9، شماره 2، دی 1397، صفحه 178-190   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v9i2.62663

نویسندگان

هادی خاوری^* ؛ قدرت اله شاکرمی

گروه زراعت، واحد خرم‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم‌آباد، ایران

چکیده

امروزه مصرف نامتعادل کودهای شیمیایی یکی از مهم­ترین عوامل آلودگی­های زیست­محیطی و محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی است. در این راستا استفاده از پتانسیل حمایتی ریزجانداران خاکزی در جهت بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک و تولید پایدار محصولات کشاورزی، طی سال­های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام لوبیاقرمز، به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­ کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1395 در منطقه بیران­شهر لرستان اجرا شد. عوامل شامل تلقیح (با گونه­های
Glomus etunicatum, G. Intraradices, G. mossea) در دو سطح (تلقیح و بدون تلقیح)، مایه­زنی (با Azotobacter chroococcum Strain 15) در دو سطح (مایه­زنی و عدم مایه­زنی) و ارقام لوبیاقرمز (توده بیران­شهر، ارقام اختر و گلی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ازتوباکتر و میکوریزا بر تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن100دانه، شاخص برداشت و همچنین اثر دو جانبه میکوریزا و رقم، بر تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن100دانه، عملکرد زیست­توده و شاخص برداشت ارقام لوبیا معنی‌دار و افزایشی بود. مایه­زنی ازتوباکتر و تلقیح میکوریزا عملکرد دانه را به ترتیب 4/12 و 5/24 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در رقم گلی به دست آمد که نسبت به رقم اختر و توده بیران­شهر به ترتیب 2/45 و 1/51درصد افزایش داشت. یافته­های آزمایش نشان داد که همیاری قارچ میکوریزا و ازتوباکتر، دارای اثر افزایشی بر عملکرد گیاه لوبیا است و می­توان در جهت تولید پایدار این محصول در نظام­های زراعی بوم­سازگار درنظرگرفته شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تولید پایدار؛ حاصلخیزی خاک؛ کودهای زیستی؛ همیاری

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