از پرسش های متخیلانه تا آفرینش های خلاقانه

پژوهش نامه مبانی تعلیم و تربیت

مقاله 1، دوره 4، شماره 2، اسفند 1393، صفحه 29-50   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/fe.v4i2.38493

نویسندگان

نامدار ابراهیمی^* ؛ محمود مهرمحمدی

تربیت مدرس

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، تبیین و تشریح دو رویکرد تربیتی پرسش محور و پاسخ محور و پیامدهای این دو رویکرد بر رفتارهای متخیلانه و خلاقانه کودکان می‌باشد. برای دست‌یابی به این هدف از روش توصیفی– تحلیلی بهره گرفته شد. در این راستا، روابط میان پرسشگری، تخیل و خلاقیت مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته و نقش رویکردهای تربیتی مختلف در تقویت یا تضعیف این ویژگی ها تبیین شد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می دهد که چگونه رویکردهای تربیتی متفاوت می توانند فرصت و زمینه آفرینندگی را فراهم کرده یا از بین ببرند. بر این اساس استدلال شد که یک محیط تربیتی پاسخ محور قدرت تخیل دانش آموزان را خشکانده و خلاقیت آنها را زایل می سازد. اگر نظام های تربیتی علاقه مند به تقویت آفرینندگی دانش آموزان هستند، باید فرصت پرسشگری را برای دانش آموزان فراهم نمایند و آنها را برای پرسیدن پرسش های متخیلانه تشویق و تحریک کنند. درواقع، خلاقیت در یک فضای پرسشگرانه شکوفا می شود نه در محیطی که تأکید بر پاسخ های مشخص، مهم‌ترین ویژگی آن است. بنابراین، نظام آموزش ‌و پرورش باید تخیل و پرسشگری را به عنوان دو ویژگی مهم تفکر انسان که اندیشیدن به امکان های جدید و راه حل های بدیع را میسر ساخته و خلاقیت را امکان پذیر می سازد، ارج گذاشته و مورد تأکید قرار دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تخیل؛ خلاقیت؛ رویکرد تربیتی پاسخ محور؛ رویکرد تربیتی پرسش محور؛ پرسش های متخیلانه

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