اثر تغذیه روغن سویای اکسید شده در تقابل با نقش آنتی اکسیدانی هسته انار بر فیزیولوژی و متابولیسم بزهای سانن در دوره انتقال

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 25، فروردین 1395، صفحه 1-17   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.v8i1.21117

نویسندگان

سید احسان غیاثی^{* 1}؛ رضا ولی زاده²؛ عباسعلی ناصریان²

¹گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

²گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر روغن سویای اکسید شده در تقابل با نقش آنتی‌اکسیدانی هسته انار بر متابولیسم و فیزیولوژی بز های سانن در دوره انتقال، تعداد 18 راس بز شیری سانن با میانگین وزنی 9 ± 47 کیلوگرم، در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با نمونه برداری‌های تکرار شده در زمان، در بازه زمانی 21 روز قبل از زایش مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تیمار‌های آزمایشی شامل 1)جیره پایه و 4 درصد روغن خام تازه سویا ، 2) جیره پایه و 4 درصد، روغن خام اکسید شده سویا و 3) جیره پایه و به ترتیب 4 و 8 درصد، روغن خام اکسید شده سویا و هسته انار بر مبنای ماده خشک بود. نتایج نشان داد که قابلیت هضم ریز مغذی‌ها، نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه و مصرف اختیاری خوراک در اثر تیمار‌های 2 و 3 نسبت به سایر تیمار‌ها به ترتیب به طور معنی‌داری کاهش و افزایش یافت. شاخص اسیدیته ادرار به طور معنی‌داری (05/0P

کلیدواژه‌ها

بز سانن؛ روغن اکسید شده؛ فیزیولوژی؛ متابولیسم؛ هسته انار

مراجع

1- Agnusdei, D., R. Civitelli., A. Camporeale., and C. Gennari. 1990. Calcitonin and estrogens. Journal of Endocrinology Investigation, 13:625-630.

2- Agresti, A. 1980. Generalized odds ratios for ordinal data. Biometrics, 36:59-67.

3- Ain, K. B., S. Refetoff., D. H. Sarne., and Y. Murata. 1988. Effect of estrogen on the synthesis and secretion of thyroxine-binding globulin by a human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2. Molecular Endocrinology, 2:313-323.

4- Alberghina, D., S. Casella., I. Vazzana., V. Ferrantelli., C. Giannetto., and G. Piccione. 2010. Analysis of serum proteins in clinically healthy goats (Capra hircus) using agarose gel electrophoresis. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 39:317-321.

5- Andrews, J., M. Vazquez-Anon., and G. Bowman. 2006. Fat stability and preservation of fatty acids with AGRADO_ antioxidant in feed ingredients used in ruminant rations. Journal of Dairy Science. 89(Suppl. 1):60. (Abstr.)

6- AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington. DC.

7- AOCS Official Method. 2003. Sampling and Analysis of Commercial Fats and Oils, Cd 8-53 • Peroxide Value.

8- AOCS Official Method. 2007. Sampling and Analysis of Commercial Fats and Oils, Cd 12-57 • Fat Stability.

9- Bani-Ismail, Z. A., A. M. Al-Majali., F. Amireh., and O. F. Al-Rawashdeh. 2008. Metabolic profiles in goat does in late pregnancy with and without subclinical pregnancy toxemia. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 37:434-437.

10- Bauman, D. E., and J. M. Griinari. 2003. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Annual Review of Nutrition. 23:203-227.

11- Brioukhanov, A. L., and A. I. Netrusov. 2004. Catalase and superoxide dismutase: Distribution, properties, and physiological role in cells of strict anaerobes. Biochemistry (Moscow), 69:949-962.

12- Broderick, G. A., and J. H., Kang. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 63:64-75.

13- Burhans, W. S., A. W. Bell., R. Nadeau., and J. R. Knapp. 2003. Factors associated with transition cow ketosis incidence in selected New England herds. Journal of Dairy Science. 86(Suppl. 1): 247. (Abstr.)

14- Cabel, M. C., P. W. Waldroup., W. D. Shermer., and D. F. Calabotta. 1988. Effects of ethoxyquin feed preservative and peroxide level on broiler performance. Poultry Science, 67:1725-1730.

15- Cannas, A., and G. Pulina. 2008. Dairy goats feeding and nutrition. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

16- Castillo, C., J. Hernandez., A. Bravo., M. Lopez-Alonso., V. Pereira., and J. L. Benedito. 2005. Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows. Veterinary Journal, 169:286-292.

17- Cook, R. D., D. M. Hawkins., and S. Weisberg. 1993. Exact iterative computation of the robust multivariate minimum volume ellipsoid estimator. Statistics and Probability Letters, 16:213-218.

18- DeGroot, M. A., E. Block., P. D. French. 2010. Effect of prepartum anionic supplementation on periparturient feed intake, health, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 93:5268-5279.

19- Dibner, J. J., M. L. Kitchell., C. A. Atwell., and F. J. Ivey. 1996. The effect of dietary ingredients and age on the microscopic structure of the gastrointestinal tract in poultry. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 5:70-77.

20- Dijkstra, J., J. M. Forbes., and J. France. 2005. Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism second ed. CAB International.Wallingford. UK.

21- Doepel, L., H. Lapierre., and J. J. Kennelly. 2002. Peripartum performance and metabolism of dairy cows in response to prepartum energy and protein intake. Journal of Dairy Science, 85:2315-2334.

22- Drackley, J. K. 2000. Lipid metabolism. In: D’Mello, J. P. F. Farm Animal Metabolism and Nutrition. CABInternational. pp, 97-119.

23- Durand, D., V. Scislowski., Y. Chilliard., D. Gruffat., and D. Bauchart. 2005. High fat rations and lipid peroxidation in ruminants; consequences on animal health and quality of products. In Hocquette, J. F. and S. Gigli, Indicators of Milk and Beef Quality. pp. 137-150. Wageningen. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.

24- Emery, R. S., J. S. Liesman., and T. H. Herdt. 1992. Metabolism of Long Chain Fatty Acids by Ruminant Liver, The Journal of Nutrition, 122:832-837.

25- Feinfeld, D. A., and Danovitch, G. M. 1987. Factors affecting urine volume in chronic renal failure. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 10:231-235

26- Focant, M., E. M. Mignolet., F. Marique., T. Clabots., B. D. Dalemans., and Y. Larondelle. 1998. The effect of vitamin E supplementation of cow diets containing rapeseed and linseed on the prevention of milk fat oxidation. Journal of Dairy Science, 81:1095-1101.

27- Frankel, E. N. 2005. Antioxidants. in Lipid Oxidation. 2nd ed. E. N. Frankel. The Oily Press, Bridgwater, UK. pp. 209-258.

28- Gennari, C., and D. Agnusdei. Calcitonin. 1990. estrogens and the bone. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 37:451-455.

29- Gonthier, C., A. F. Mustafa., D. R. Ouellet., P. Y. Chouinard., R. Berthiaume., and H. V. Petit. 2005. Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on blood parameters and milk fatty acid composition. Journal of Dairy Science. 88:748-756.

30- Heber, D., N. P. Seeram, H. Wyatt, S. M. Henning, Y. Zhang, L. G. Ogden, M. Dreher, and J. O. Hill. 2007. Safety and antioxidant activity of a pomegranate ellagitannin-enriched polyphenol dietary supplement in overweight individuals with increased waist size. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 55:10050-10054.

31- Jackson, P. G. G., and P. D. Cockcroft. 2002. Clinical examination of farm animals. Blackwell Science, UK.

32- Kramer, J. K. G., V. Fellner., M. E. R. Dugan., F. D. Sauer., M. M. Mossoba., and M. P. Yurawecz. 1997. Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids, 32:1219-1228.

33- Kramer, J. K. G., C. Cruz-Hernandez., and J. Zhou. 2001. Conjugated linoleic acids and octadecenoic acids: Analysis by GC. Europian Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 103: 594- 632.

34- Lohrke, B., T. Viergutz., W. Kanitz., B. Losand., D. G. Weiss., and M. Simko. 2005. Short communication: Hydroperoxides in circulating lipids from dairy cows: Implications for bioactivity of endogenous- oxidized lipids. Journal of Dairy Science, 88:1708-1710.

35- Maia, M. R., L. C. Chaudhary., L. Figueres., R. J. Wallace. 2007. Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their toxicity to the microflora of the rumen. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 91: 303-314.

36- Mazzuoli, G. F., S. Tabolli., F. Bigi., C. Valtorta., S. Minisola., D. Diacinti., L. Scarnecchia., G. Bianchi., M. Piolini., and S. Dell'Acqua. 1990. Effects of salmon calcitonin on the bone loss induced by ovariectomy. Calcified. Tissue International, 47:209-214.

37- McPherson, R. 2013. Remnant Cholesterol “Non- (HDL-C + LDL-C)” as a Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factor. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61:437-439.

38- Miller, J. K., and E. Brezeinska-Slebodizinska. 1993. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and animal function, Journal of Dairy Science, 76:2812-2823.

39- Mori-Okamoto, J., Y. Otawara-Hamamoto., H. Yamato., and H. Yoshimura. 2004. Pomegranate extract improves a depressive state and bone properties in menopausal syndrome model ovariectomized mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92:93-101.

40- Nestal, P. J., A. Poyser., R. L. Hood., S. C. Mills., M. R. Willis., L. J. Cook., and T. W. Scott. 1978. The effect of dietary fat supplements on cholesterol metabolism in ruminants. The Journal of Lipid Research, 19:899-909.

41- Oliveira, R. A., C. D. Narciso., R. S. Bisinotto., M. C. Perdomo., M. A. Ballou., M. Dreher., and J. E. Santos. 2010. Effects of feeding polyphenols from pomegranate extract on health, growth, nutrient digestion, and immunocompetence of calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 93:4280- 4291.

42- Overton, T. R., and M. R. Waldron. 2004. Nutritional Management of Transition Dairy Cows: Strategies to Optimize Metabolic Health. Journal of Dairy Science. 87:(E. Suppl.): E105-E119.

43- Pratt, E., and V. Hudson. 1999. Organic acids and phenolic compounds in pomegranates (Punica Granatum L.) grown in Turkey. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 15:567-575.

44- Pugh, D. G., and A. N. Baird. 2012. Sheep and goat medicine. 2nd ed. Elsevier publication. USA.

45- Reddy, P. V., J. L. Morrill., and T. G. Nagaraja. 1994. Release of free fatty acids from raw or processed soybeans and subsequent effects on fiber digestibilities. Journal of Dairy Science, 77:3410-3416.

46- SAS. 2009. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Ver 9.2. SAS Institute. Cary. N.C. USA.

47- Sauvant, D., J. Van Milgen., P. Faverdin., and N. Friggens. 2011. Modelling nutrient digestion and utilisation in farm animals, Wageningen Academic Publishers. The Netherlands.

48- Scandalios, J. G. 2005. Oxidative stress: Molecular perception and transduction of signals triggering antioxidant gene defenses. Brazilian Journal Of Medical and Biological Research, 38:995-1014.

49- Schubert, S., E. Lansky., and I. Neeman. 1999. Antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme in habitation properties of pomegranate seed oil and fermented juice flavonoids. Journal of Ethnpharmacology, 66:11-17.

50- Seeram, N. P., Y. Zhang., J. D. Reed., C. G. Krueger., and J. Vaya. 2006. Pomegranate phytochemicals. in Pomegranates: Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. N. P. Seeram, R. N. Schulman, and D. Heber, ed. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. BocaRaton, FL. pp.3-29.

51- Seifi, H. A., M. Mohri., N. Farzaneh., H. Nemati., and S. V. Nejhad. 2010. Effects of anionic salts supplementation on blood pH and mineral status, energy metabolism, reproduction and production in transition dairy cows. Research in Veterinary Science, 89:72-77.

52- Senger, C. D., G. V. Kozloski., L. M. B. Sanchez., F. R. Mesquita., T. P. Alves., and D. S. Castagnino. 2008. Evaluation of autoclave procedures for fibre analysis in forage and concentrate feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 146:169-174.

53- Smith M. C., and D. Sherman. 2009. Goat medicine. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell publication. Iowa. USA.

54- Smith, J. L., L. G. Sheffield., and D. Saylor. 2002. Impact of ethoxyquin on productivity of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 85(Suppl. 1):358. (Abstr.).

55- Sordillo, L. M., and S. Aitken. 2009. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 128: 104-109.

56- Spiteller, P., W. Kern., J. Reiner., and G. Spiteller. 2001. Aldehydic lipid peroxidation products derived from linoleic acid. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1531:188-208.

57- SRNS. 2012. Small Ruminant Nutrition System. ver 1.9.4468. Official website: http://nutritionmodels.com/srns.html.

58- Suzuki, H., A. Asakawa., J. B. Li., M. Tsai., H. Amitani., K. Ohinata., M. Komai., and A. Inui. 2011. Zinc as an appetite stimulator - the possible role of zinc in the progression of diseases such as cachexia and sarcopenia. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition, and Agriculture, 3:226-231.

59- Trigona, W. L., I. K. Mullarky., Y. Cao., and L. M. Sordillo. 2006. Thioredoxin reductase regulates the induction of haem oxygenase-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells. Biochemical Journal, 394:207–216.

60- Valko, M., D. Leibfritz., J. Moncol., M. T. Cronin., M. Mazur., and J. Telser. 2007. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 39:44-84.

61- Van Keulen, J. and B. A. Young. 1977. Evaluation of Acid-Insoluble Ash as a Natural Marker in Ruminant Digestibility Studies. Journal of Animal Science, 44:282-287.

62- Van Lante, F., and R. Daher. 1992. Plasma selenium concentrations in patients with euthyroid sick syndrome. Clinical Chemistry, 38:1885-1888.

63- Va´zquez-An˜o´n, M., J. Andrews., T. Webster, and T. Jenkins. 2006. Effects of feeding oxidised fat supplemented with antioxidant AGRADO on rumen nutrient digestibility and protein synthesis. Journal of Dairy Science. 89(Suppl. 1):406.

64- Va´zquez-An˜ o´n, M., and T. Jenkins. 2007. Effects of feeding oxidized fat with or without dietary antioxidants on nutrient digestibility, microbial nitrogen, and fatty acid metabolism. Journal of Dairy Science, 90:4361-4367.

65- Wallace, R. J., N. McKain., K. J. Shingfield., and E. Devillard. 2007. Isomers of conjugated linoleic acids are synthesized via different mechanisms in ruminal digesta and bacteria. Journal of Lipid Research. 48:2247-2254.

66- Wanasundara, U. N., and F. Shahidi. 1998. Antioxidant and proxidant activity of green tea extract in marine oils. Journal of Food Chemistry, 63: 335-342.

67- Weiss, W. P. 1998. Requirements of fat-soluble vitamins for dairy cows: A review. Journal of Dairy Science. 81:2493-2501.

68- Wiggins, D., and G. F. Gibbons. 1996. Origin of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein triacylglycerol: the contribution of cellular phospholipid. Biochemistry Journal, 320:673-679.

69- Williams, D. L., S. Y. Wang, H. Klett. 1978. Decrease in functional albumin messenger-RNA during estrogen-induced vitellogenin biosynthesis in avian liver. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the USA, 75:5974-5978.