سازواری یا ناسازواری تربیت و سیاست؛ خوانش انتقادی نظریه‌های فضیلت‌گرایی، قدرت‌گرایی و انتقادی

پژوهش نامه مبانی تعلیم و تربیت

مقاله 4، دوره 9، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 17، شهریور 1398   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/fedu.v9i1.74829

نویسندگان

مجتبی همتی فر^{* 1}؛ بختیار شعبانی ورکی¹؛ جمیله علم الهدی²؛ شریف لک زایی³

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

³پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی و ارزیابی جریان‌های فکری ناظر به مسئله سازواری تربیت و سیاست می‌باشد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، سیر تحول اندیشه‌های ناظر به مناسبات تربیت و سیاست به عنوان دو امر و نهاد اجتماعی از منظر سازواری چارچوب نظری هر یک با هم، همخوانی با فلسفه اجتماع و یا با چارچوب فکری معیار مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. در این تحلیل از الگوی هدف ـ وسیله در معنای موسّع آن و همچنین دوگانه ساختار ـ کارکرد دولت در کنار نظریه بحران اسپریگنز بهره گرفته شد. نتایج این مطالعه منجر به شناسایی سه جریان اصلی «فضیلت‌گرایی»، «قدرت‌گرایی» و «نظریه انتقادی» شد که طرح یا برجسته شدن آن‌ها اغلب واکنشی و برای سازوار نمودن تربیت و سیاست با هم و بر اساس فلسفه اجتماع مربوطه است. در پایان، در نتیجه تحلیل، مقایسه و نقد نظریه‌های موجود، نسخه اصلاح شده فضیلت‌گرایی متناسب با شرایط دولت جدید و بافت اندیشه اسلامی به مثابه رویکرد مرجح پیشنهاد شد. تصریح شد که تغییر معنای تربیت و سیاست و همچنین توزیع قدرت سه راه پیش روی رفع ناسازواری میان تربیت و سیاست به شمار می‌روند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نسبت تربیت و سیاست؛ فضیلت‌گرایی؛ قدرت‌گرایی؛ نظریه انتقادی

مراجع

Alamolhoda, J. (2012). Islamic Theory of Education (the foundations of Formal Education). Tehran: Imam Sadiq University Press (In Persian)

Ali Hosseini, A. & Ghaemi, F. (2013). The link between education and politics in ancient Greek political thought. Quarterly Journal of Political Research, No. 7, 8 – 25 (In Persian)

Ali Hossaini, A. & Ghaemi, F. (2015). A Comparative Study of Implications of Maximum links of Politics and Education in Plato's and Farabi's Virtuous Thinking. Quarterly Journal of Public Opinion Studies, No. 15, 227-250 (In Persian)

Barkhordari, R. (2015). Paulo Freire. Iranian Encyclopedia of Curriculum. Retrieved from: http://www.daneshnamehicsa.ir/userfiles/file/article/20/Dr_%20Barkhordari_6_3_93.pdf (In Persian)

Brooke, C. and Frazer, E. (2013). Introduction: Education and political theory, In (eds.). Ideas of Education: Philosophy and politics from Plato to Dewey (1-5): Routledge

Carnoy, M. (1986). Education as a Cultural Imperialism. (H. Pasha Sharifi, Trans.). Tehran: RAVESH-e NO (In Persian)

Carnoy, M. (1992). Education and the state: from Adam Smith to Perestroika, In R. F. Arnove, P. G. Altbach & G. P. Kelly (Eds.), Emergent issues in education: Comparative perspectives (pp. 143-159): State University of New York Press.

Carnoy, M. and Levin, H. M. (1988). The Limits of Educational Reform. (M. H. Teimuri, Trans.). Tehran: NASHR-e ROOZ (In Persian)

Dewey, John (1962). Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. (A. Arianpur, Trans). Tehran: Tehran Bookstores (In Persian)

Eulau, H. (1971). Political science and education: the long view and the short, In Theory and Politics/Theorie und Politik (pp. 343-351): Springer Netherlands.

Evans, M. (2014). A Short History of Society: The Making of the Modern World. (M. Nabavi, Trans.). Tehran: AHAG (In Persian)

Fawzi, Y. and Karimi Biranvand, M. (2011). The role of government in education; a comparison of the views of Plato and Imam Khomeini. Biquarterly of Islam and Educational Research, No. 5, 133-162 (In Persian)

Freire, P. (1977). Pedagogy of the Opressed. (A. Shariatmadari, trans.). Tehran: Chappakhsh (In Persian).

Freund, J. (2002-a). Politics and Democracy, in Bozorg Naderzad (collector and Trans.) (2002). On Democracy, Education, Ethics and Politics (PP: 25-76). Tehran: Cheshmeh (In Persian)

Freund, J. (2002-b). Politics and Ethics. (Bozorg Naderzad, Trans.) (2002). On Democracy, Education, Ethics and Politics (PP: 77-102). Tehran: Cheshmeh (In Persian)

Golmohammadi, A. (2013). What, the Developpment and vision of the state. Tehran: Ney (In Persian)

Gutmann, A. (1998). Undemocratic education, In Hirst, Paul H. & White, Patricia (Hg.), Philosophy of Education. Major Themes in the Analytic Tradition, Vol. 3, 28-43.

Gutmann, A. (1999). Democratic Education: Princeton University Press.

Gutmann, A. (2003). The authority and responsibility to educate, In Randall Curren (ed.). A companion to the philosophy of education (PP: 395-411): Chicago

Illich, I. (2008). Deschooling: A denounciation of present-day schooling with radical suggestions for reform. (E. Zargham, Trans.). Tehran: Roshd (In Persian)

Islami, S.H. (2004). The relation between Ethics and politics; four theories. Quarterly Journal in the field of Islamic and Political Studies, No. 26, 141-162 (In Persian)

Jarvis, P. (2005). Adult education and the state: towards a politics of adult education: Routledge.

Javidi Kalate Jafar Abadi, T. (2009). The Philosophy of Democratic Education: Fundamentals, Principles and Methods of Education. Mashhad: Behnashr Publications (In Persian)

Jeager, W. (1997). Paedia. (M. H. Lotfi, Trans.). Tehran: Kharazmi (In Persian)

Kayre, A. (2010). Plato's politics. (Amir Hossein Jahanbegloo, Trans.). Tehran: KHARAZMI (In Persian)

Kazamias, A. M. (2007). Paideia and Politeia: Education, and the Polity/State in Comparative Education, In International handbook of comparative education (P: 161-168): Springer Netherlands

Khorasani, R. (2004). Ethics and Politics in Islamic Political Thought. Qom: Boostan Ketab (In Persian)

Khoi, LT (2010). Education, Cultures and Societies. (M. Yemeni Dozzy Sorkhi, Trans.). Tehran: Samt (In Persian)

Levin, H. M. (1988). What does educational reform mean? in Carnoy, Martin and Levin, Henry. M (writers). The Limits of Educational Reform. (M. H. Teimuri, Trans.). Tehran: ROOZ- NO (In Persian)

Machiavelli, N. (1996). The Prince (Second Edition). (D. Ashuri, Trans.). Tehran: Nashr Markaz (In Persian)

Madanifar, M. (2016). Explaining the nature and characteristics of educational research in terms of human agency (PhD thesis). University of Tehran (In Persian)

Marzouqi, R. (2000). Study of the relationship between government and education from Imam Ali's point of view. Islamic Education Quarterly, No. 4, 59-68 (In Persian)

Nabavi, S. A. (2009). Philosophy of Power. Tehran: Samt (In Persian)

Naghibzadeh Jalali, M. A. (2001). A look at the philosophy of education. Tehran: Tahori (In Persian)

Naghibzadeh Jalali, M. A. (2008). An Introduction to Philosophy. Tehran: Tahori (In Persian)

Nazerzadeh Kermani, F. (1997). A look at the history of the formation of the Greek polis and its position and importance in Plato's political philosophy. Quarterly Journal of Philosophy, No. 2, 75-86 (In Persian)

Olmos, L. E., & Torres, C. A. (2009). Theories of the state, educational expansion, development, and globalizations: Marxian and critical approaches, In R. Cowen & A. M. Kazamias (Eds.). International Handbook of Comparative Education (PP: 73-86): Springer.

Omidi, M. (2010). The Originality of virtue or the originality of power? The development of classic politics to modern politics. Sureh-e Andisheh, No. 48-49, 93-98 (In Persian)

Omidi, M. (2011). A Review of Virtuous Ethics in Classical Political Philosophy. The biannual of Political Knowledge, No. 6, 7-26 (In Persian)

Plato (1987). Plato's Series (Vol: 4 - Rules). (M. H. Lotfi, trans.). Tehran: Kharazmi Publishing Co (In Persian)

Poggi, G. (1998). The Development of the Modern State, a Sociological Introduction. (B. Bashi, Trans.). Tehran: Agah (In Persian)

Poladi, K. (2012). From the State of Authority to the Atate of reason in modern political philosophy. Tehran: Markaz (In Persian)

Sadeghzadeh Ghamsari, A. (2000). An Investigation into the Educational Responsibility of the Islamic State in the Contemporary Period Based on the Word and Action Imam Ali's (AS). Islamic Education Quarterly, No. 4, 27-58 (In Persian)

Sajjadieh, N. (2009). Mutual responsibilities of the formal education institution and the family. Hura Quarterly, No. 31 (In Persian)

Shabani Varaki, B. (2004). Education and Humanisation: Paulo Fereire's Critical Theory. Educational Innovations Quarterly, No. 8, 95-106 (In Persian)

Soroush Mahallati, M. (2007). The responsibility of Islamic government in formal education. Biquarterly Journal of Islamic Education, No. 5, 55-88 (In Persian)

Spragens, T. A. (2013). Understanding Political Theory. Tehran: AGAH (In Persian)

Szkudlarek, T. (2013). Introduction: education and the political, In Tomasz Szkudlarek (Ed.). Education and the Political: New Theoretical Articulations (pp.1-13): Sense Publishers.

Taylor, C. C. W. & Lee, M. (2016). The Sophists, In Edward N. Zalta (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 Edition), retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sophists

Torres, C. A. (1995). State and education revisited: Why educational researchers should think politically about education, In Review of research in education (Vol. 21, PP: 255-331). American Educational Research Association.

Vereker, C. (1976). Public Benefits, Private Vices: The Impact of Politics on Education. Oxford Review of Education, 2 (1): 49-58.

Zoelm, A. (2003). The position of education in the political thought of Imam Khomeini. The Congress of the Mystical-Ethical Thoughts of Imam Khomeini, Qom (In Persian)