ارزیابی رشد و ترکیب گونه ای علف های هرز در کشت مخلوط افزایشی ذرت (Zea mays L.) و لوبیا چشم بلبلی (Vigna sinensis L.) در شرایط کشت ارگانیک

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 28، تیر 1395، صفحه 227-240   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v8i2.40778

نویسندگان

حمدالله اسکندری^* ؛ اشرف عالی زاده امرایی

گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، ایران

چکیده

برای ارزیابی اثر کشت مخلوط افزایشی ذرت (Zea mays L.) و لوبیا چشم بلبلی (Vigna Sinensis L.) بر وزن خشک و ترکیب گونه ای علف های هرز، یک آزمایش مزرعه ای در شمال خوزستان در سال زراعی 93-1392 انجام گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار پیاده شد به طوری که ذرت و لوبیا چشم بلبلی در دو تیمار کشت خالص و چهار تیمار کشت مخلوط شامل شامل T1: 100 درصد تراکم کشت خالص ذرت+ 25 درصد کشت خالص لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، T2: 100 درصد تراکم کشت خالص ذرت+ 50 درصد کشت خالص لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، T3: 100 درصد تراکم کشت خالص ذرت+ 75 درصد تراکم کشت خالص لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و T4: 100 درصد تراکم کشت خالص ذرت+ 100 درصد کشت خالص لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی کشت شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که شاخص مجموع عملکرد نسبی در کلیه تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بیشتر از یک بود که‌این امر حاکی از رابطه مکملی ذرت و لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی در مصرف منابع محیطی از جمله نور و رطوبت می باشد. به عبارت دیگر کاهش منابع محیطی در دسترس، وزن خشک علف های هرز را در سیستم های کشت مخلوط کاهش داد به طوری که از پنج گونه علف‌هرز ثبت شده در طول آزمایش، وزن خشک چهار گونه شامل تاج خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) ، سوروف (Echinochloa cruss-gali L.)، خرفه (Portulaca oleraceae L.) و تاجریزی (Solanum nigrum L.) در کشت مخلوط در مقایسه با کشت خالص ذرت و لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی کاهش یافت. شاخص کارآیی خفه کنندگی علف های هرز نشان داد که در کشت های مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص ذرت 36-21 درصد و نسبت به کشت خالص لوبیا چشم بلبلی 42-28 از وزن علف های هرز کاسته شد که نشان می‌دهد کشت مخلوط ذرت و لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی باعث کاهش رشد علف‌های هرز در مقایسه با کشت خالص می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تراکم؛ کارآیی خفه کنندگی علف‌هرز؛ کشت خالص؛ مجموع عملکرد نسبی؛ مصرف منابع محیطی

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