اثر تنش خشکی و تلقیح کودهای زیستی بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی ماریتیغال (Silybum marianum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 9، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 31، فروردین 1396، صفحه 31-49   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i1.32650

نویسندگان

رقیه محمدپور وشوایی^{* 1}؛ محمود رمرودی²؛ براتعلی فاخری³

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

³گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

خار مریم یا ماریتیغال (Silybum marianum L.) گیاهی دارویی، علفی و یک‌ساله است که برای درمان بیماری‌های کبدی استفاده می‌شود. به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و کودهای زیستی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ماریتیغال‌، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک-های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی 92-1391 اجرا شد. کرت‌های اصلی شامل آبیاری با 50، 70 و 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و کرت‌های فرعی شامل تغذیه گیاه با کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین، سوپرنیتروپلاس، فسفات بارور 2، میکوریزا به صورت بذر مال و عدم مصرف کود بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد دانه، تعداد کاپیتول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کاپیتول، وزن هزار دانه، درصد اسانس، درصد ماده آلی گیاه، درصد پرولین و درصد پروتئین دانه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تنش خشکی، کود زیستی و برهمکنش آن‌ها بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (00/1300 گیلوگرم)، تعداد کاپیتول در بوته (00/12 عدد)، وزن هزار دانه (27/23 گرم)، درصد ماده آلی گیاه (00/95 درصد) و درصد پروتئین دانه (19/17 درصد) در تیمار 90 درصد آبیاری و کود زیستی نیتروکسین حاصل شد. حداکثر تعداد دانه در کاپیتول با 67/87 عدد به تیمار 90 درصد آبیاری و کود زیستی میکوریزا تعلق داشت. تیمار‌های 70 و 90 درصد آبیاری و کود زیستی نیتروکسین به ترتیب حداکثر و حداقل صفات درصد اسانس (72/3 درصد) و درصد پرولین (04/0 درصد) را تبیین نمودند. تعداد کاپیتول در بوته مهم‌ترین جزء تعیین‌کننده عملکرد بود. کود زیستی نیتروکسین نسبت به سایر کودها توانست تنش خشکی را بیشتر تعدیل نماید و موجب بهبود ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه ماریتیغال شود. بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد که در راستای نیل به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار به جای کودهای شیمیایی قابل توصیه ‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش کم آبی؛ خارمریم؛ کود زیستی؛ گیاه دارویی

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