تأثیرکود های آلی و تراکم بوته بر برخی ویژگی‌های گیاه دارویی بالنگو (Lallemantia royleana Benth.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 9، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32، تیر 1396، صفحه 314-325   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i2.51329

نویسندگان

عقیل روحی نوق¹؛ علیرضا کوچکی^{* 1}؛ رضا قربانی¹؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم¹؛ سارا بخشائی²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کودهای آلی و تراکم بوته بر برخی ویژگی‌های گیاه دارویی بالنگو (Lallemantia royleana Benth.) آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 90-1389 انجام گرفت. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 15 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش عبارت بودند از پنج سطح کود آلی (گاوی، گوسفندی، مرغی، کمپوست زباله شهری و بدون کود) و سه سطح تراکم (20، 30 و 40 بوته در متر مربع). صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده در این آزمایش میزان موسیلاژ، فاکتور تورم، میزان تورم برای هر گرم موسیلاژ، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد موسیلاژ بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر کود بر شاخص‌های کیفی به‌جز عملکرد موسیلاژ و دانه معنی‌دار نبود. اثر تراکم بر عملکرد موسیلاژ و تورم معنی‌دار بود. حداکثر عملکرد کیفی با استفاده از کودهای آلی به ویژه کود مرغی و در تراکم 40 بوته در متر مربع حاصل شد. بدین ترتیب می‌توان به اثر کودهای آلی به عنوان یک منبع تغذیه مناسب برای گیاهان دارویی اشاره نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تورم؛ کمپوست؛ کود دامی؛ موسیلاژ

مراجع

Aggelides, S.M., and Londra, P.A. 2000. Effects of compost produced from town wastes and sewage sludge on the physical properties of a loamy and a clay soil. Bioresource Technology 71: 253-259.

Al-Ramamneh, E.A.D.M. 2009. Plant growth strategies of Thymus vulgaris L. in response to population density. Industrial Crops and Products 30: 389-394.

Amusan, A.O., Adetunji, M.T., Azeez, J.O., and Bodunde, J.G. 2011. Effect of the integrated use of legume residue, poultry manure and inorganic fertilizers on maize yield, nutrient uptake and soil properties. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 90: 321-330.

Asgharipour, M., and Rafiei, M. 2011. Effect of different organic amendments and drought on the growth and yield of basil in the greenhouse. Advances in Environmental Biology 5: 1233-1239.

Bahramparvar, M., Haddad Khodaparast, M.H., and Razavi, S.M. 2009. The effect of Lallemantia royleana L. (Balangu) seed, palmate-tuber salep and carboxymethyl cellulose gums on the physicochemical and sensory properties of typical soft ice cream. International Journal of Dairy Technology 62: 571-576.

Berimavandi, A.R., Hashemabadi, D., Ghaziani, M.V.F., and Kaviani, B. 2011. Effects of plant density and sowing date on the growth, flowering and quantity of essential oil of calendula officinalis L. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5: 5110-5115.

Borella, J.C., Ribeiro, N.S., Freato, A.M.R., Mazzo, K.F., and Barbosa, D.M. 2011. Influence of fertilization and mulching on the productivity and flavonoid content of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae). Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 13: 235-239.

Callan, N.W., Yokelson, T., Wall-MacLane, S., Westcott, M.P., Miller, J.B., and Ponder, G. 2005. Seasonal trends and plant density effects on cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea (L.) moench. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 11: 35-46.

Caruso, G., and Villari, G. 2007. Effects of plant density on chemical composition of basil grown within gullies by subirrigation. Acta Horticulturae 351-356.

Chung, R.S., Chen, C.C., and Ng, L.T. 2010. Nitrogen fertilization affects the growth performance, betaine and polysaccharide concentrations of Lycium barbarum. Industrial Crops and Products 32: 650-655.

Codling, E.E. 2006. Laboratory characterization of extractable phosphorus in poultry litter and poultry litter ash. Soil Science 171: 858-864.

Costa, L.C.B., Rosal, L.F., Pinto, J.E.B.P., and Bertolucci, S.K.V. 2008. Effect of chemical and organic fertilizations in lemon-grass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) biomass and essential oil production. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 10: 16-20.

D'Antuono, L.F., Moretti, A., and Lovato, A.F.S. 2002. Seed yield, yield components, oil content and essential oil content and composition of Nigella sativa L. and Nigella damascena L. Industrial Crops and Products 15: 59-69.

Dail, H.W., He, Z., Erich, M.S., and Honeycutt, C.W. 2007. Effect of drying on phosphorus distribution in poultry manure. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38: 1879-1895.

De Araújo, A.S.F., de Melo, W.J., and Singh, R.P. 2010. Municipal solid waste compost amendment in agricultural soil: Changes in soil microbial biomass. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology 9: 41-49.

Dorri, M.A. 2008. Determination of coloration between yield components with quantity and quality seed yield in Plantago ovata. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 79: 173-176. )In Persian with English Summary)

Dorri, M.A., and Alamdar, M. 2007. Effect of seed rate and planting date on seed mucilage amount of Palntago ovata in dry farming condition. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 75: 81-85. )In Persian with English Summary)

Elsheikh, E.A.E., and Elzidany, A.A. 1997. Effects of Rhizobium inoculation, organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and physical properties of faba bean seeds. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 51: 137-144.

Ghannadi, A., and Zolfaghari, B. 2003. Compositional analysis of the essential oil of Lallemantia royleana (Benth. in Wall.) Benth. from Iran. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 18: 237-239.

He, Z., Fortuna, A.M., Senwo, Z.N., Tazisong, I.A., Honeycutt, C.W., and Griffin, T.S. 2006. Hydrochloric fractions in Hedley fractionation may contain inorganic and organic phosphates. Soil Science Society of America Journal 70: 893-899.

Iglesias Jimenez, E., and Perez Garcia, V. 1989. Evaluation of city refuse compost maturity: a review. Biological Wastes 27: 115-142.

Morton, J.F. 1990. Mucilaginous plants and their uses in medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 29: 245-266.

Jalali, M., and Ostovarzadeh, H. 2011. Effect of sheep manure and EDTA on the leaching of potassium from heavy metals contaminated calcareous soils. Environmental Earth Sciences p. 1-7.

Kandil, M.A.M.H., Salah, A., Elfotowh Omer, E.S., El-Gala, M., Sator, C., and Schnug, E. 2002. Fruit and essential oil yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.) grown with fertilizer sources for organic farming in Egypt. Ertrag und ölqualität von Fenchel 52: 135-139.

Khaosaad, T., Vierheilig, H., Nell, M., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., and Novak, J. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhiza alter the concentration of essential oils in oregano (Origanum sp.). Mycorrhiza 16: 443-446.

Koocheki, A., Bakhshaei, S., Tabaraie, A., Jafari, L.S. 2012. Evaluation of the effect of plant density and planting pattern on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of balangu (Lallemantia Roylena B.). Journal of Agroecology 6(2): 229-237. )In Persian with English Summary)

Lakhdar, A., Falleh, H., Ouni, Y., Oueslati, S., Debez, A., Ksouri, R., and Abdelly, C. 2011. Municipal solid waste compost application improves productivity, polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity of Mesembryanthemum edule. Journal of Hazardous Materials 191: 373-379.

Lazcano, C., Gomez-Brandon, M., and Dominguez, J. 2008. Comparison of the effectiveness of composting and vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of cattle manure. Chemosphere 72: 1013-1019.

Lin, R.Y., Lin, H.S., Sun, X.X., Zhang, Z.Y., Peng, C.H., Li, Z.F., Chen, H., and Lin, W.X. 2007. Effects of fertilizer application on contents of 2-undecanone and soluble carbonhydrate in Houttuynia cordata with different fertilizers. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 32: 2352-2359.

Liu, D., Liu, W., Zhu, D., Guo, L., Jin, H., Zuo, Z., and Liu, L. 2010. Effects of phosphate fertilizer on active ingredients and antioxidant activities of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 35: 2236-2241.

Malik, K., Arora, G., Singh, I., and Arora, S. 2011. Lallemantia reylenne seeds as superdisintegrant: Formulation and evaluation of nimesulide orodispersible tablets. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 1: 192-198.

Mkhabela, M.S., and Warman, P.R. 2005. The influence of municipal solid waste compost on yield, soil phosphorus availability and uptake by two vegetable crops grown in a Pugwash sandy loam soil in Nova Scotia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 106: 57-67.

Moghaddam, T.M., Razavi, S.M.A., and Emadzadeh, B. 2011. Rheological interactions between Lallemantia royleana seed extract and selected food hydrocolloids. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91: 1083-1088.

Naghibi, F., Mosaddegh, M., Motamed, S.M., and Ghorbani, A. 2005. Labiatae Family in folk Medicine in Iran: from Ethnobotany to Pharmacology. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2: 63-79. (In Persian with English Summary)

Norozpoor, G., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2007. Effect of different irrigation intervals and plant density on oil yield and essences percentage of black cumin (Nigella sativa). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 73: 133-138. (In Persian with English Summary)

Omidbeigi, R. 1995. Approach to Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Rahan Nashr Press. Tehran, Iran. 286 pp. (In Persian)

Palacio, C.P.A.M., Biasi, L.A., Nakashima, T., and Serrat, B.M. 2007. Biomass and essential oil yield of carqueja (Baccharis trimera DC.) under different nitrogen source and levels. 9: 58-63.

Parsa, A. 1960. Medicinal plants and drugs of plant origin in Iran. IV. Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetabiles 7: 65-136.

Peigne, J., and Girardin, P. 2004. Environmental impacts of farm-scale composting practices. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 153: 45-68.

Prinsloo, G., Viljoen, J., Mofokeng, M., and Ntuli, M. 2008. Cultivation of medicinal plants: Determining the effect of organic fertiliser on the chemical composition of the plants. South African Journal of Botany 74: 375.

Razavi, S.M.A., and Karazhiyan, H. 2009. Flow properties and thixotropy of selected hydrocolloids: Experimental and modeling studies. Food Hydrocolloids 23: 908-912.

Roohi, A. 2011. Effect of organic fertilizers and plant density on quantitative and qualitive characteristics of balangu (Lallenamntia royleana Benth.). MSc Thesis in Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. )In Persian with English Summary)

Saikia, L.R., and Upadhyaya, S. 2011. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid content of A.racemosus Willd. a medicinal plant grown using different organic manures. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 2: 457-463.

Sarab, D., Naghdi Badi, H., Nasri, M., Makkizadeh, M., and Omidi, H. 2008. Changes in essential oil content and yield of basil in response to different levels of nitrogen and plant density. Journal of Medicinal Plants 7: 60-70.

Smitha, G.R., Gowda, M.C., Sreeramu, B.S., Umesha, K., and Gowda, A.P.M. 2010. Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of makoi. Indian Journal of Horticulture 67: 395-398.

Tabrizi, L. 2004. The effect of water stress and manure on yield, yield components and quality characteristics of Plantago psyllium and Plantago psyllium. MSc thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. )In Persian with English Summary)

Willey, R.W., and Heath, S.B. 1969. The quantitative relationships between plant population and crop yield. Advances in Agronomy 281-321.

Zarezadeh, A., Rezaee, M.B., Mirhosseini, A., and Shamszadeh, M. 2007. Ecological investigation of some aromatic plants from Lamiaceae family in Yazd province. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 23: 432-442. )In Persian with English Summary)

Zargari, A. 1998. Medicinal Plants. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran 3750 pp. (In Persian)

Zupančič, A., Baričevič, D., Umek, A., and Kristl, A. 2001. The impact of fertilizing on fenugreek yield (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and diosgenin content in the plant drug. Rostlinna Vyroba Journal of Medicinal Plants 47: 218-224.