شناسایی و تخمین جمعیت باکتری‌های مولد هسته یخ جداسازی شده از درختان میوه هسته‌دار در استان خراسان رضوی

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 10، دوره 29، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 29، مهر 1394، صفحه 449-458   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v29i3.44334

نویسندگان

الهه طاهری؛ سعید طریقی^* ؛ پریسا طاهری

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

باکتری‌های اپی‌فیت مولد هسته یخ، یکی از عوامل تشدید کننده سرمازدگی و شانکر در درختان میوه هسته‌دار می‌باشند. به منظور شناسایی این باکتری‌ها، در بهار سال 1392، تعداد 248 نمونه از سرشاخه‌های آلبالو، گیلاس، زردآلو، آلو، هلو، شلیل، بادام و گوجه سبز در استان خراسان رضوی (مشهد، شاندیز، کنگ، نقندر، زشک، اخلمد، چناران و نیشابور)، جمع‌آوری گردید. از هر منطقه دو باغ و از هر باغ چهار درخت بصورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. با شمارش تعداد کلنی باکتری‌ها در هر گرم بافت گیاهی، جمعیت کل باکتری‌ها در مناطق و میزبان‌های مختلف تخمین زده شد. از هر نوع تیپ کلنی مشاهده شده بر روی محیط کشت، 10 کلنی به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. از میان 820 جدایه بررسی شده، 110 جدایه مولد هسته یخ بودند. این باکتری‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های مورفولوژیکیو بیوشیمیایی تفکیک گردیدند. بر اساس داده‌های به‌دست آمده، 56، 27، 8، 6 و 3 درصد از جدایه‌ها به ترتیب به عنوان Pseudomonas syringae، P. fluorescens، P. viridiflava، Pantoeaagglomeransو Xanthomonassp.شناسایی شدند. نتایج مطالعه حاضر، تأیید کرد که بین علایم شانکر، خسارت سرمازدگی و جمعیت باکتری‌های مولد هسته یخ، رابطه مستقیمی وجود دارد. بنابراین شناسایی و تخمین جمعیت باکتری‌های مولد هسته یخ از اهمیت ویژه‌ای در پیش‌بینی وقوع سرمازدگی برخوردار است. در این تحقیق انواع گونه‌های باکتری مولد هسته یخ در باغات هسته دار استان خراسان رضوی مشخص و نوسانات جمعیت آن‌ها برای اولین بار ارزیابی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

استان خراسان رضوی؛ باکتری‌های مولد هسته یخ؛ جمعیت؛ درختان میوه هسته‌دار

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