اثر اصلاح کننده های خاک و کودهای بیولوژیک بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 4، دوره 31، شماره 1، خرداد 1396، صفحه 25-39   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.34660

نویسندگان

محمد بهزاد امیری¹؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم^{* 2}؛ محسن جهان²

¹مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر اصلاح‌کننده‌های خاک و کودهای بیولوژیک مختلف بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد گیاه دارویی گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum)، آزمایشی در سال‌های زراعی 92-1390 در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل هفت نوع اصلاح‌کننده‌ی خاک و کود بیولوژیک مختلف از جمله: 1- اسید هیومیک، 2- اسید فولویک، 3- نیتروکسین (حاوی باکتری‌های Azotobacter spp. و Azospirillum spp.)، 4- بیوفسفر (حاوی باکتری‌های Bacillus sp. و Pseudomonas sp.)، 5- بیوسولفور (Thiobacillus spp.)، 6- میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae)، و 7- میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices) و عدم استفاده از کود به‌عنوان تیمار شاهد بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که هر دو گونه‌ میکوریزای مورد مطالعه منجر به افزایش عملکرد گل در مقایسه با شاهد شدند، به‌طوری‌که عملکرد گل در تیمارهای Glomus mosseae و Glomus intraradices به‌ترتیب 24 و 11 درصد بیشتر از شاهد بود. تمامی نهاده‌های اکولوژیک مورد مطالعه سبب افزایش تعداد چرخه‌ی گل در بوته در مقایسه با شاهد شدند، ولی اثر کود بیولوژیک بیوفسفر از این نظر به‌طور بارزتری نمایان شد، به-طوری‌که تعداد چرخه‌ی گل در بوته از 342 چرخه در بوته‌های تحت‌تیمار شاهد به 1322 چرخه در گیاهان تحت‌تیمار بیوفسفر افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه، عملکرد ماده‌ی خشک، وزن دانه در بوته و تعداد دانه در بوته در تیمار اسید هیومیک مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که در نتیجه‌ی کاربرد اسید هیومیک عملکرد دانه، عملکرد ماده‌ی خشک، وزن دانه در بوته و تعداد دانه در بوته به‌ترتیب 82، 66، 63 و 66 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسید هیومیک؛ بیوفسفر؛ گیاه دارویی؛ میکوریزا؛ نهاده اکولوژیک

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