تاثیر مواد ضد یخ در شرایط باغی بر مواد بیوشیمیایی موثر در مقاومت به سرمای انگور

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 7، دوره 32، شماره 1، خرداد 1397، صفحه 159-170   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v32i1.64047

نویسندگان

شکراله حاجیوند^{* 1}؛ میترا رحمتی²

¹مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین

²وزارت جهاد کشاورزی

چکیده

به منظور بررسی امکان افزایش مقاومت به سرمای بهاره درخت انگور از طریق مواد ضد یخ در شرایط باغی، آزمایشی در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح بلوکهای ﮐﺎﻣل ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در مرکز تحقیقات شهرستان تاکستان در استان قزوین در دو سال 91 و92 اجرا شد. محلول پاشی با 4 ماده ضد یخ شامل سالیسیلیک اسید، تیوفر، کراپ اید، بایوبلوم و آب مقطر به عنوان تیمار شاهد در 4 مرحله فنولوژیکی از جمله پاییز پیش از به خواب رفتن گیاه، در زمان متورم شدن جوانه‌ها، مصادف با شروع خوشه‌دهی و در زمان خوشه‌دهی کامل روی سه درخت انگور بی دانه قرمز در هر کرت آزمایشی انجام شد. خصوصیات کمی و کیفی مانند وزن خوشه، عملکرد محصول و میزان مواد جامد محلول، خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی برگ انگور مانند میزان اسمولیت‌های پرولین و بتائین گلایسین و وضعیت آنزیم‌های شاخص مقاومت به سرما از جمله گایاکول پراکسیداز (GPX)، آسکوربات پراکسیداز (APX) و کاتالاز (CAT) اندازه‌گیری و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان‌داد که استفاده از مواد ضد یخ نامبرده به طور متوسط میزان مواد جامد محلول، وزن خوشه و عملکرد درخت انگور را بطور متوسط به ترتیب تا 22، 17 و 26 درصد افزایش داد که از این نظر بایوبلوم تاثیر بیشتری داشت. کاهش به طور متوسط 2 درجه‌ دمای هوا طی مراحل ریزش برگ و رکود انگور (آبانماه تا دیماه) سال 92 نسبت به سال قبل از آن منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار میزان اسمولیت‌ها و فعالیت آنزیم‌های شاخص مقاومت به سرما شد. همچنین مواد ضد یخ موجب افزایش معنی‌دار میزان اسمولیت‌ها و فعالیت آنزیم‌های شاخص مقاومت به سرما نسبت به تیمار شاهد شدند. به طوریکه بیشترین میزان این اسمولیتها و میزان فعالیت این آنزیم ها به ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای سالسیلیک اسید، تیوفر، کراپ آید و بایوبلوم بوده و کمترین آن در تیمار شاهد اندازه گیری شد. این نتایج نشان می دهد که ضد یخ های تجاری مورد بررسی می توانند نه تنها برای افزایش مقاومت گیاه به سرما در تاکستان مورد استفاده قرار بگیرند، بلکه اندازه خوشه و کیفیت انگور را نیز بهبود می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آسکوربات پراکسیداز؛ بتائین گلایسین؛ پرولین؛ سرمازدگی؛ قرمز بیدانه

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