اثر رژیم‌های آبیاری بر عملکرد، اجزاء عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی اسانس اکوتیپ‌های زیره سبز (Cuminum Cyminum L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی افغانستان

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 10، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 38، دی 1397، صفحه 983-1005   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i4.76116

نویسندگان

محمد یوسف جامی¹؛ عبداله ملافیلابی^{* 2}؛ مجید امینی دهقی¹

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

²گروه زیست فناوری مواد غذایی، مؤسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) یکی از مهم­ترین و اقتصادی­ترین گیاهان دارویی است که کشت و کار آن می­تواند به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک در شرایط کم­آبی حائز اهمیت باشد. به منظور بررسی و تعیین بهترین زمان آبیاری و انتخاب توده­های مناسب زیره سبز در منطقه هرات- افغانستان، آزمایشی به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال 1388 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه هرات انجام شد. چهار رژیم آبیاری شامل دیم (1W)، بعد از ساقه رفتن (2W)، اوایل گلدهی (3W) و اوایل دانه‌بندی (4W) به عنوان عامل اصلی و توده­های بذر راجستان هند (1V)، بادغیس افغانستان (2V) و کاشمر ایران (3V) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد چتر در گیاه، تعداد دانه در چتر، تعداد ساقه فرعی، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت و صفات کیفی شامل مواد مؤثره موجود در اسانس زیره سبز بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده و متقابل زمان آبیاری و توده بر عملکرد و حجم اسانس، عملکرد بذر، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در چتر، تعداد ساقه فرعی، شاخص برداشت، درصد کومین آلدئید و پارا-سیمن معنی­دار بود. بالاترین مقدار برای آبیاری در اوایل گلدهی و توده هندی مشاهده شد، اما بیشترین تعداد ساقه فرعی از توده افغانستان بدست آمد. بالاترین درصد شاخص برداشت و تعداد ساقه­های فرعی به ترتیب برای آبیاری در اوایل دانه‌بندی و دیم بدست آمد. بیشترین میزان کومین آلدئید از توده­های ایرانی و افغانستانی به ترتیب با 35/27 % و 73/25% و بیشترین مقدار پارا- اسیمن (81/25%) از اثر متقابل توده هندی با تیمار آبیاری اوایل دانه‌بندی بدست آمد. طبق نتایج توده هندی +آبیاری در اوایل گلدهی برای شرایط آب و هوایی هرات- افغانستان توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زیره سبز؛ زمان آبیاری؛ حجم و عملکرد اسانس؛ عملکرد دانه

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