تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بر شاخص‌های رشد گونه‌ها و عملکرد در مزرعه سویا

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 31، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1396، صفحه 396-408   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v31i3.52862

نویسندگان

حبیبه سلطانی^{* 1}؛ علی قنبری¹؛ مهدی راستگو¹؛ قربانعلی اسدی²

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

با هدف تأثیرگذاری تاریخ کاشت و تراکم کاشت بر شاخص‌های رشد و ارزیابی توانایی رقابتی سویا رقم ویلیامز با علف‌های هرز، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1392 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در قالب اسپلیت-اسپلیت و طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای این آزمایش شامل تاریخ کاشت به عنوان عامل اصلی (28 فروردین، 22 اردیبهشت، 16 خرداد) و تراکم کاشت به عنوان عامل فرعی (30، 40، 50، 60 بوته در متر مربع) و مدیریت علف‌های هرز به عنوان عامل فرعی-فرعی (کنترل و عدم کنترل علف‌های هرز) بود. نتایج نشان داد تاریخ کاشت 22 اردیبهشت، نسبت به تاریخ کاشت زودهنگام و تاریخ کاشت تأخیری شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک و سرعت رشد بیشتری حاصل کرد. در تراکم‌های بیشتر و تاریخ کشت‌های دیرتر، ماده خشک و شاخص سطح برگ بیشتری تولید شد. در شرایط حضور علف هرز با افزایش تراکم سویا از 30 به 60 بوته در متر مربع، میزان شاخص سطح برگ و ماده خشک افزایش یافت. تفاوت قابل ملاحظه‌ای بین ماده خشک تجمعی، شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول و آهنگ رشد در شرایط تداخل علف‌های هرز (تمام فصل) نسبت به کنترل علف‌های هرز وجود داشت. نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت 22 اردیبهشت و تراکم 40 بوته در متر مربع علاوه بر بهبود شاخص‌های رشد، سبب افزایش توان رقابتی سویا در مقابل علف‌های هرز می-شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آهنگ رشد؛ تداخل؛ سرعت رشد محصول؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ عملکرد دانه

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