تأثیر کشت مخلوط غلات و کاربرد کود نیتروژن بر محتوای نیتروژن و عناصر کم مصرف اندام هوایی علف‌های هرز وعملکرد دانه

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 11، دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 39، فروردین 1398، صفحه 171-184   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i1.60035

نویسندگان

فرزانه فرامرزی¹؛ محمد صادق تقی زاده^{* 2}؛ علی بهپوری³؛ سحر افضلی هرسینی⁴

¹دانشگاه تهران

²دانشگاه شیراز

³بخش اگرواکولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب - دانشگاه شیراز،ایران

⁴پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط غلات و سطوح کاربرد کود نیتروژن بر محتوای نیتروژن و عناصر کم مصرف علف­های هرز و عملکرد گیاه زراعی انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد مطالعه شامل سیستم­های مختلف کشت مخلوط ردیفی غلات (پنج نسبت کشت مخلوط گندم (Triticum aestivum L.): تریتیکاله (X Triticosecale wittmack) و چهار نسبت کشت مخلوط جو (Hordeum vulgare L.): تریتیکاله) و دو سطح کود نیتروژن (100 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب در سال 92-93انجام شد. در این آزمایش صفات محتوای نیتروژن و عناصر کم مصرف اندام هوایی علف­های هرز و عملکرد دانه گیاه زراعی بررسی شد. کمترین محتوای نیتروژن اندام هوایی علف­های هرز مربوط به تیمار تک‌کشتی تریتیکاله با 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن بود. کمترین محتوای آهن و منگنز اندام هوایی علف­های هرز نیز در تیمارهای 25 درصد گندم: 75 درصد تریتیکاله و 50 درصد جو: 50 درصد تریتیکاله با 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن بدست آمد. علف­های هرزی که در تک‌کشتی جو رشد کردند دارای کمترین محتوای روی در بافت اندام­های هوایی خود بودند و افزایش مقدار کود نیتروژن منجر به افزایش محتوای روی در آن­ها گردید. کمترین محتوای مس در اندام هوایی علف­های هرز در سیستم 50 درصد جو: 50 درصد تریتیکاله با سطح کود 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه نیز مربوط به تیمار 50 درصد جو: 50 درصد تریتیکاله با 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بود. نتایج این مطالعه می­تواند برای مدیریت اکولوژیک علف­های هرز از طریق مدیریت عناصر غذایی کم مصرف و همچنین بهبود عملکرد پایدار گیاه زراعی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آهن؛ تریتیکاله؛ روی؛ گندم؛ مس؛ منگنز

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