تأثیر دفعات محلول‌پاشی کود اوره بر پارامتر‌های فتوسنتزی درختان بارور پسته رقم کله‌قوچی در مراحل مختلف رشد میوه

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 6، دوره 33، شماره 2، شهریور 1398، صفحه 233-245   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.71004

نویسندگان

نسرین قرائی مسجدی؛ محمدحسین شمشیری^* ؛ محمدرضا دهقانی

دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

چکیده

این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دفعات کاربرد برگی کود اوره بر پارامترهای فتوسنتزی درختان پسته رقم کله‌قوچی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش محلول‌پاشی کود اوره به غلظت 5/0 درصد در سه مرحله مختلف رشد میوه انجام شد و اندازه‌گیری پارامتر‌های فتوسنتزی، فلورسانس کلروفیل و همچنین رنگیزه‌های کلروفیل و مجموع کارتنوئید‌ها در دو نوبت، یک روز پس از آخرین محلول‌پاشی و 10 روز پس از مرحله اول اندازه‌گیری، انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش دفعات محلول‌پاشی اوره، شدت فتوسنتز، تعرق و هدایت روزنه­ای نسبت به شاهد در هر دو زمان نمونه­گیری افزایش یافت، درحالی‌که غلظت دی‌اکسید کربن زیر روزنه‌ای کاهش پیدا کرد. کاربرد سه بار محلول‌پاشی اوره سبب افزایش 20 درصدی شدت فتوسنتز نسبت به درختان شاهد گردید. با افزایش دفعات محلول‌پاشی اوره مقدار نیتروژن برگ در هر دو زمان اندازه‌گیری افزایش پیدا کرد، به طوری‌که کاربرد سه بار محلول‌پاشی اوره سبب افزایش 65 درصدی غلظت نیتروژن برگ نسبت به درختان شاهد گردید، ولی کارایی استفاده از نیتروژن فتوسنتزی کاهش یافت. شاخص­های Fv/Fm و PI نیز با افزایش دفعات محلول‌پاشی اوره در هر دو زمان اندازه­گیری افزایش یافت. رنگیزه­های کلروفیل نیز تحت تأثیر محلول­پاشی اوره قرار گرفت، به‌طوری که محلول­پاشی اوره در سه مرحله به ترتیب سبب افزایش 11، 14 و 30 درصدی کلروفیل a، b و کل نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد بیش‌ترین میزان فتوسنتز و پارامتر‌های مرتبط به آن در زمان دوم نمونه‌برداری و در تیمار سه بار محلول‌پاشی اوره دیده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پسته؛ رنگدانه های فتوسنتزی؛ فتوسنتز؛ نیتروژن

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