تعیین انرژی قابل متابولیسم گندم فرآوری شده در دماهای مختلف و اثر آن در جیره با و بدون مکمل آنـزیمی بر مورفولوژی روده کوچک و عملکرد رشد جوجه‌های گوشتی در دوره 24 – 11 روزگی

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 9، دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 46، تیر 1400، صفحه 275-290   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.v13i2.81464

نویسندگان

سید محمد رضا صلواتی¹؛ ابوالقاسم گلیان^{* 2}؛ احمد حسن آبادی³

¹گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

²گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر فرآوری حرارتی بر انرژی قابل متابولیسم، قابلیت هضم ظاهری پروتئین و ماده خشک گنــدم به روش جمع‌آوری کـل فضـولات با استفاده از 96 قطعه جوجه گوشتی مخلــوط دو جنـس ســویـه راس-308 در ســن21- 18 روزگی با جیره حاوی 11/70 درصد گندم‌ به نحوی که تنها منبع انرژی و پروتئین جیره‌ها یکی از چهار گندم فرآوری شده و یا نشده بود، انجام شد؛ همچنین آزمایشی به منظـور بررسـی عملکرد 576 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس-308 از ســن 24-11روزگی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به روش فاکتوریل 2 × 4 شامل 8 تیمار با 6 تکرار و 12 قطعه پرنده در هر تکرار طراحی شد. گندم‌های مورد استفاده فرآوری نشده و یا فرآوری شده در کاندیشنر با دمـاهـای ^C° (55، 70 و 85) به مدت 5/2 دقیقه با و بدون مکمل آنزیمی بودند. فــرآوری حرارتی در دمای ^C° 85 منجر به افزایش انرژی قابل متابولیسم ظاهری و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک بترتیب به میزان 32/5 و 61/5 درصد و افزایش وزن بدن، وزن روزانه و مصرف خوراک نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. همچنین منجر به افزایش ارتفاع ویلی‌های ناحیه ژژنوم نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. مکمل آنزیمی باعث افزایش وزن بدن، وزن روزانه، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، کاهش وزن ایلئوم و پهنای ویلی شد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، فرآوری حرارتی گندم باعث بهبود انرژی قابل متابولیسم ظاهری، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، مـورفولوژی روده کوچک و فعالیت میکروبی ناحیه ایلئوم جوجـه‌های گوشتـی سـن 24- 11 روزگی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنزیم؛ جوجه گوشتی؛ عملکرد؛ فرآوری حرارتی

مراجع

1. Abdollahi, M. 2011. Influence of feed processing on the performance, nutrient utilization and gut development of poultry and feed quality. A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Poultry Nutrition.
2. Abdollahi, M. R. 2010. Influence of conditioning temperature on the performance, nutrient utilization and digestive tract development of broiler starters fed maize and wheat-based diets. British Poultry science, 51:648-657.
3. Abdollahi, M. R., V. Ravindran, T. J. Wester, G. Ravindran, and D. V. Thomas. 2011. Influence of feed form and conditioning temperature on performance, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of starch and nitrogen in broiler starters fed wheat-based diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 168:88-99.
4. Amerah, A. M., C. Gilbert, P. H. Simmins, and V. Ravindran. 2010. Influence of feed processing on the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets. World's Poultry Science Journal, 67:29- 46.
5. Amuzmehr, A. 2007. Effect of different levels of raw and processing rice bran on performance of broiler chicks. Master’s Degree in Animal Sciences and natural Resources of Gorgan, 1 (2):85-98. (In Persian)
6. 2014. Nutrition Specifications Manual: Ross 308. Aviagen Ltd., Scotland, UK.
7. Bennett, C. D., H. L. Classen, and C. Riddell. 2002. Feeding broiler chickens wheat and barley diets containing whole, ground and pelleted grain. Poultry Science, 81: 995–1003.
8. Carre, B., A. Idi, S. Maisonnier, J. P. Melcion, F. X. Oury, J. Gomez, and P. Pluchard. 2002. Relationships between digestibilities of food components and characteristics of wheats (Triticum- Astivum) introduced as the only cereal source in a broiler chicken diet. British Poultry Science, 43: 404-415.
9. Choct, M. 1997. Feed non-starch polysaccharides chemical structures and nutritional significance. Feed Milling International, June Issue Pp.13-26.
10. Choct, M. 1999. Soluble non-starch polysaccharides affect net utilization of energy by chickens. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. University of Armdale, Nsw. 31-35.
11. Cowieson, A. J., M. Hruby, and M. F. Isaksen. 2005. The effect of conditioning temperature and exogenous xylanase addition on the viscosity of wheat-based diets and the performance of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 46: 717-724.
12. Ebrahimnia, S. M. 2013. Estimated metabolizable energy and digestibility of Gascogen and Azar 2 wheat with and without enzyme for broiler chickens. Master's Thesis Animal science. College of Agriculture, Kurdistan University, P: 54-57. (In Persian).
13. Farhadi, A., H. Sayyahzadeh, and A. Jafarbavari. 2008. Effect of Enzyme on diet and Corn, Wheat and Barley on yield and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, 16:153-167. (In Persian)
14. Ghayour Najafabadi, P., H. Khosravinia, A. Gheisari, A. Azarfar, and M. Khanahmadi. 2018. Productive performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphometry in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets supplemented with bacterial or fungal-originated xylanase. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17:165-174.
15. Ghobadi, Z., and A. Karimi. 2012. Effect of feed processing and enzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets on performance of broiler chicks. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 40: 260-266.
16. Gonza´lez-Alvarado, J. M., E. Jime´nez-Moreno, R. La´zaro, and G. G. Mateos. 2007. Effect of type of cereal, heat processing of the cereal and inclusion of fiber in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers. Poultry Science, 86:1705–1715.
17. Gutierrez-Alamo, A., P. Perez de Ayala, M. W. A. Verstegen, L. A. Den Hartog, and M. J. Villamide. 2008. Variability in wheat: factors affecting its nutritional value. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 64:20-39.
18. Iji, P. A., R. J. Hughes, M. Choct, and D. R. Tivey. 2001. Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on wheat-based diets supplemented with a microbial enzyme. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 14: 54-60.
19. Kiarie, E., L. F. Romero, and V. Ravindran. 2014. Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat diets without or with supplemental xylanase. Poultry Science, 93:1186–1196.
20. Kim, J. C., B. P. Mullan, P. H. Simmins, and J. R. Pluske. 2003. Variation in the chemical composition of wheats grown in Western Australia as influenced by variety, growing region, season and post-harvest storage. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 54:541-550.
21. Kirkpinar, F., and H. Basmacioglu. 2006. Effects of pelleting temperature of phytase supplemented broiler feed on tibia mineralization, calcium and phosphorus content of serum and performance. Animal Science, 51:78–84.
22. Mathison, G. W. 1996. Effects of processing on the utilization of grain by Cattle. Animal Feed Sceince and Technology, 58:113-125.
23. Medel, P., M. A., Latorre, C. De Blas, R. Lazaro, and G. G. Mateos. 2004. Heat processing of cereals in mash or pellet diets for young pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 113: 127-140.
24. Moslehi, H. R. 2006. Principles of parent stock breeding. Publications of higher education institution.Applied Agricultural Jahad, 1:1-6. (In Persian)
25. Pickford, J. R. 1992. Effect of processing on the stability of heat labile nutrients in animal feeds. Intern ational Information System for the Agriculyure Science and Technology, 177-192.
26. Pirgozliev, V. R., C. L., Birch, S. P., Rose, P. S., Kettlewell, and M. R. Bedford. 2003. Chemical composition and the nutritive quality of different wheat cultivars for broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 44:464–475.
27. Pirgozliev, V. R., P. Rose, P. Kettlewell, and M. Bedford. 2000. Relationship between chemical composition of wheat and broiler chicken growth performance. British Poultry Science, 41:697-698.
28. Ravindran, V., Z. V. Tilman, P. C. H. Morel, G. Ravindran, and G. D. Coles. 2007. Influence of β-glucanase supplementation on the metabolisable energy and ileal nutrient digestibility of normal starch and waxy barleys for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 134:45-55.
29. Rezaeipour, V., M. Hasanpour, M. Janitabar, and R. Abdullahpour. 2017. Effects of two native Iranian wheat cultivars, processing method, and enzyme supplementation on performance, carcass, intestinal morphology and microbiota activity in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45:517-523.
30. SAS Institute Inc. 2004. User’s guide, version 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc
31. Scott, T. A. 2002. Impact of wet feeding wheat based diets with or without enzyme on broiler chick Performance. Canadian Journal Animal Science, 82: 409-417.
32. Seena, S., K. R., Sridhar, A. B., Arunb, and C. C. Young. 2006. Effect of roasting and pressure-cooking on nutritional and protein quality of seeds of mangrove legume Canavalia Cathartica from southwest coast of India. Journal of Food Comparative Analysis, 19:284-293.
33. Seifi, S. 2013. An investigation of the effects of using an enzyme-probiotic combination on broilers performance. Iranian Journal of veterinary Medicine, 7:299-304.
34. Silversides, F.G., and M. R. Bedford. 1999. Effect of pelleting temperature on the recovery and efficacy of a xylanase enzyme in wheat-based diets. Poultry Science, 78:1184 –1190.
35. Svihus, B., A. K., Uhlen, and O. M., Harstad. 2005. Effect of starch granule structure, associated components and processing on nutritive value of cereal starch. Animal Feed Science Technology, 122 (3-4):303-320.
36. Tiemouri, H., H. Zarghi, and A. Golian. 2017. Effect of enzyme supplementation on metabolic energy, digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in barley in broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 10:513-523. (In Persian).
37. Wiseman, J. 2000. Correlation between physical measurements and dietary energy values of wheat for poultry and pigs. Animal Feed Science Technology, 84:1-11.
38. Wu, Y. B., V. Ravindran, D. G. Thomas, M. J. Birtles, and W. H. Hendriks. 2004. Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and Xylanase supplementation on the performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers. British Poultry Science, 45: 385–394.
39. Yaghobfar, A., S. D., Sharifi, and G., Golestani. 2014. Effects Natozym enzyme plus on metabolizable energy and protein digestibility of diets containing wheat and rapseed meal in broiler chickens. Animal production research, 5 (10). (In Persian).
40. Yaghobfar, A. N. Ila, M. Deghan, and A. Kucheki. 2014. The effect of cell wall cell carbohydrates in wheat and bran in diets with and without Enzyme activity on serum and intestinal enzymes, volatile fatty acids, morphology and bacterial population of broiler chickens. Animal Science Journal, 107:253-268.
41. Yaghobfar, A. 2013. Carbohydrates in feeding poultry. No. 978-964-04-7983-4, parts11-12 (In Persian).
42. Zarghi, H., A. Golian, H. Kermanshahi, and H. Aghel. 2011. Effect of enzyme supplementation on metabolic energy of corn, wheat and triticale grains in broiler chickens using total excreta collection or marker methods. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 2:105-112. (In Persian).
43. Zarghi, H., A. Golian, and H. Kermanshahi. 2016. The effect of triticale and enzyme cocktail (Xylanase & β-Glucanase) replacement in grower diet on performance, digestive organ relative weight, gut viscosity and gut morphology of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 8:298-312. (In Persian).
44. Zohari, M. 1996. New phenomena in poultry nutrition. Alishah Publishers, p: 7-8.