بررسی اثر عملیات مدیریتی بر زمان رویش خربزه وحشی (Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud.) در سویا (Glycine max)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 12، دوره 32، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 41، مهر 1397، صفحه 429-444   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v32i3.73208

نویسندگان

رحمان خاکزاد^{* 1}؛ محمد تقی آل ابراهیم²

¹دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

²اردبیل

چکیده

خربزه وحشی علف هرزی یکساله و مهاجم از خانواده کدوئیان می‌باشد. این علف هرز با رشد رونده و سریع خود باعث کاهش رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی همچون سویا می‌شود. لذا برای ارزیابی عملیات مختلف مدیریتی به منظور پیش­بینی الگوی رویش خربزه وحشی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت­های دو بار خرد شده در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در شرکت دشت ناز ساری در سال­های 1395 و 1396 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی، دو سیستم خاک­ورزی رایج و بدون خاک­ورزی، سه مقدار بذرپاشی سویا (200، 300 و 400 هزار بذر در هکتار سویا) و پنج دز مختلف علف­کش ایمازاتاپیر (صفر، 50، 75،  100 و 125 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار) بودند. ملاحظات آماری عملکرد مدل نشان دادند که مدل زمان دمایی خاک (STT) پیش­بینی کننده خوبی از رویش خربزه وحشی با دامنه­ای از مقادیر R2adj بین 92/0 تا 99/0 و RMSE بین 59/2 تا 69/12 بود. زمان رویش خربزه وحشی به وسیله عملیات مدیریتی همچون سیستم­های خاک­ورزی، مقادیر بذرپاشی سویا و دزهای ایمازاتاپیر تحت تاثیر قرار گرفت. سیستم خاک­ورزی رایج در ترکیب با تراکم 400 هزار بذر در هکتار و دز ایمازاتاپیر 125 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار منجر به پایین­ترین نرخ رویش خربزه وحشی و بالاترین T50 شدند، لذا فاز تاخیری طولانی­تری از رویش خربزه وحشی در بخش اولیه فصل رشد ایجاد شد. این امر زمان بیشتری برای سویا فراهم کرد تا بهتر استقرار یابد و توانایی رقابتی خود را بهبود دهد و همین امر موجب بالاترین عملکرد سویا در واحد سطح در پایان فصل رشد در تیمارهای مزبور گردید. مطالعه حاضر اطلاعات ارزشمندی بر روی پیش­بینی زمان رویش خربزه وحشی به منظور تکامل راهبردهای مدیریتی موثر برای این گونه فراهم می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوی رویش؛ خاک ورزی رایج؛ بدون خاک ورزی؛ مقدار بذرپاشی؛ دز علف کش

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