بررسی اثر باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن و حل‌کننده فسفر و پتاسیم بر شاخص‌های رشدی دو توده ماش (Vigna radiata L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 15، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 42، دی 1398، صفحه 1423-1436   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.77747

نویسندگان

افسانه یوسفی¹؛ رضا میرزایی تالارپشتی²؛ جعفر نباتی^{* 3}؛ سعید صوفی زاده²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

³گروه پژوهشی بقولات، پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفر، پتاسیم و تثبیت‌کننده آزادزی نیتروژن بر شاخص‌های رشدی ماش (Vigna radiata L.)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی، با دو توده ماش (دزفولی و هندی)، شش تیمار کودی شامل: 1- باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، 2- باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفر، 3- باکتری‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم، 4- باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن + باکتری‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم و فسفر، 5- کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و 6- شاهد (بدون کود زیستی و شیمیایی) در سه تکرار اجرا شد. مقدار واحد کلونی ریز‌موجود در هر گرم کود زیستی 107 واحد بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک تجمعی، سرعت رشد محصول، سرعت آسیمیلاسیون خالص، سرعت رشد نسبی و عملکرد دانه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین شاخص سطح برگ (80/3)، تجمع ماده خشک (835 گرم بر مترمربع) و عملکرد دانه (1558 کیلوگرم در هکتار) ماش در توده هندی به‌دست آمد و توده دزفولی بیش‌ترین سرعت رشد محصول (25 گرم در مترمربع در روز)، سرعت رشد نسبی (056/0 گرم در مترمربع در روز) و سرعت آسیمیلاسیون خالص (95/18 گرم دی‌اکسید‌کربن در مترمربع در روز) را نشان داد. کم‌ترین شاخص‌های رشد در شاهد در هر دو توده دزفولی و هندی به‌دست آمد. بر این اساس می‌توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد هم‌زمان کودهای زیستی در بهبود شرایط رشدی گیاه اثر قابل توجهی داشته است و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ و در نتیجه ﺟﺬب ﺑﻬﺘﺮ آب و ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ از ﺧﺎک توانسته است، ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﻤّﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﺮدد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سرعت آسیمیلاسیون خالص؛ سرعت رشد محصول؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ کودهای زیستی

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