واکنش گیاه دارویی گل‌گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenmum Fisch. & C.A.Mey) به کودهای آلی و تراکم بوته

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 43، فروردین 1399، صفحه 161-178   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i1.51343

نویسندگان

پرویز رضوانی مقدم^* ؛ جواد شباهنگ؛ اعظم لشگری؛ مهسا اقحوانی شجری

گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

بسیاری از گیاهان موجود در عرصه‌های طبیعی کشور ما ایران، از جمله گیاه دارویی گل‌گاوزبان (Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A.Mey) از دیدگاه دارویی و اقتصادی از پتانسیل بالایی برخوردار هستند. به‌منظور شناخت بهتر پتانسیل‌های زراعی گیاه دارویی گاوزبان ایرانی در عرصه‌های زراعی آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سه سال زراعی 1391- 1388 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از اثر تلفیقی کود‌های آلی در چهار سطح شامل: کود گاوی (30 تن در هکتار)، کمپوست (20 تن در هکتار)، ورمی‌کمپوست (پنج تن در هکتار) و شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) و تیمار تراکم بوته در چهار سطح (چهار، شش، هشت و 10 بوته در مترمربع). با توجه به این‌که گیاه گاوزبان ایرانی در سال اول فقط دارای رشد رویشی است، نتایج به‌دست آمده از سال دوم و سوم آزمایش، حاکی از آن بود که تیمارهای مورد مطالعه اثر معنی‌داری بر تمامی صفات آزمایش همچون ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه اصلی و فرعی، تعداد گل در بوته، و عملکرد تر و خشک گل داشت. نتایج آزمایش حاکی از آن بود که با افزایش تراکم گیاه گل‌گاوزبان در مترمربع، عملکرد تر و خشک گیاه و تعداد گل در پنج گرم گل افزایش و تعداد شاخه اصلی و تعداد گل در بوته کاهش یافت. کاربرد کودهای آلی عملکرد تر و خشک گیاه، ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه فرعی و تعداد گل در بوته گیاه گل‌گاوزبان ایرانی را افزایش داد. به‌علاوه، بیشترین عملکرد تر و خشک گیاه، تعداد گل در پنج گرم گل، تعداد شاخه اصلی و تعداد گل در بوته در سال اول و بیشترین مقدار ارتفاع و تعداد شاخه فرعی در سال دوم مشاهده گردید. به‌طور کلی، به نظر می‌رسد که کاربرد کودهای آلی و استفاده از تراکم‌های مناسب جهت تولید گیاه دارویی گل‌گاوزبان ایرانی در عرصه‌های زراعی از فاکتور‌های مهم در مدیریت زراعی این گیاه محسوب می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تراکم؛ کمپوست؛ گیاهان دارویی؛ عملکرد؛ ورمی کمپوست

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