ارزیابی اثر تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی سه جمعیت بالنگو شیرازی (Lallemantia royleana Benth.)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 6، دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 48، اسفند 1399، صفحه 605-620   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v34i4.82643

نویسندگان

حشمت امیدی^{* 1}؛ فاطمه پیرجلیلی²؛ خدیجه احمدی³

¹دانشیاردانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران

²دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران

³دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران

چکیده

کمبود آب یکی از اصلی­ترین تنش­های غیرزیستی است که بر رشد و عملکرد محصول تأثیر منفی می­گذارد. بالنگو (Lallemantia royleana Benth.) گیاهی از خانواده نعناعیان و دارای کاربردهای دارویی متعددی است. بنابراین تحقیق حاضر به­منظور بررسی تغییرات صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز جمعیت­های بالنگو شیرازی تحت تنش خشکی انجام شد. این آزمایش به­صورت کرت­های خرد شده با دو شامل تنش خشکی (قابلیت رطوبت خاک 5/0-، 5/3-، 5/6 - و 5/9- اتمسفر) به­عنوان عامل اصلی و جمعیت بالنگو شیرازی (مشهد، کرمان و طالقان) به­عنوان عامل فرعی در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سال 94-1393 با سه تکرار در دانشگاه شاهد اجرا گردید. تنش خشکی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر مؤلفه­های رشد، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن، محتوای نسبی آب و آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز داشت. با کاهش مقدار آب خاک، صفات ارتفاع بوته (73/24 سانتی­متر)، تعداد شاخه­های فرعی (44/5)، وزن تر (36/17 گرم) و خشک بوته (80/3 گرم)، وزن هزار دانه (51/1 گرم)، شاخص برداشت (41/6 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (157 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد روغن (77/37 کیلوگرم در هکتار) کاهش پیدا کردند. صفات طول ریشه و محتوای آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز به ترتیب افزایش 02/24 و 63/66 درصدی در تنش شدید نسبت به عدم تنش داشتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن در جمعیت مشهد تحت عدم تنش خشکی حاصل شد. در شرایط تنش نسبتاً شدید جمعیت طالقان با افزایش عملکرد دانه و روغن به ترتیب با میانگین 75/315 و 5/86 کیلوگرم در هکتار روبرو شد. در سطوح تنش خشکی کمترین کاهش در برخی خصوصیات رشدی، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن بذر در جمعیت کرمان مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ عملکرد روغن؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کم آبی؛ گیاه دارویی

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