عملکرد پتانسیل گندم آبی (Triticum aestivum L.) و تأثیر صفات گیاهی بر آن در شرایط اقلیم کنونی و آینده در سراسر ایران

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 12، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 45، مهر 1399، صفحه 413-431   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i3.75590

نویسندگان

سید مجید عالیمقام¹؛ افشین سلطانی^{* 1}؛ وینست وادز^{2، 3}؛ ابراهیم زینلی¹؛ اسکندر زند⁴

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

²مؤسسه ICRISAT در هند

³مؤسسه IRD در فرانسه

⁴موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اصلاح ارقام جدید در جهت افزایش عملکرد در واحد سطح همواره یکی از راهکارهای افزایش تولید محصولات کشاورزی بوده است. شناسایی صفات گیاهی تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد می‏تواند روند اصلاح ارقام جدید را تسریع بخشد. هدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی صفات گیاهی کلیدی در جهت افزایش عملکرد گندم آبی (Triticum aestivum L.) در مناطق تولید گندم در سراسر ایران بود. این مطالعه به‌کمک شبیه‏سازی تأثیر صفات مختلف گیاهی بر عملکرد پتانسیل گندم آبی، توسط مدل SSM-Wheat برای شرایط اقلیم کنونی و آینده انجام شد. برای این منظور از پروتکل پروژه اطلس خلأ عملکرد، موسوم به پروتکل گیگا، در جهت شناسایی پهنه‏های اقلیمی و همچنین شناسایی ایستگاه‏های هواشناسی مهم واقع در مناطق تولید گندم آبی در کشور استفاده شد. برای پیش‏بینی شرایط اقلیم آینده از روش دلتا و سناریوی انتشار RCP4.5 برای سال 2055 استفاده شد. در این مطالعه اثر کاهش و افزایش طول دوره شروع پنجه‏دهی تا شروع ساقه رفتن، طول دوره پر شدن دانه، کارایی استفاده از تشعشع و توسعه سطح برگ بر عملکرد پتانسیل گندم آبی بررسی شد. میزان تأثیر افزایش طول دوره پر شدن دانه به‌عنوان صفت کلیدی بر عملکرد پتانسیل برای اقلیم کنونی 3/15 درصد و برای اقلیم آینده 8/16 درصد بود. افزایش کارایی استفاده از تشعشع در سطح کشور باعث افزایش 7/14 درصدی عملکرد برای اقلیم کنونی و 7/13 درصد برای اقلیم آینده شد. اثر افزایش کارایی استفاده از تشعشع بر عملکرد پتانسیل، در مناطق گرم (GDD>6000) بیشتر از مناطق خنک بود. افزایش طول دوره شروع پنجه‏زنی تا شروع ساقه رفتن، صفتی بود که فقط در مناطق گرم منجر به افزایش عملکرد شد و اثر آن در مناطق خنک یا ناچیز بود و یا کاهش عملکرد پتانسیل را در پی داشت. نتایج این مطالعه می‏تواند در انتخاب صفات کلیدی برای افزایش عملکرد و تسریع تولید ارقام پرمحصول در مناطق مختلف گندم آبی به کار گرفته شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروتکل گیگا؛ دیررسی؛ ژنوتیپ؛ کارایی استفاده از تشعشع؛ محیط؛ مدل SSM-Wheat

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