تأثیر ترکیب‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L.)، لوبیا‌قرمز (Phaseolus calcaratus L.) و کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) بر عملکرد و اجزای‌عملکرد

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 1، دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 42، تیر 1395، صفحه 226-243   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v14i2.51158

نویسندگان

علیرضا کوچکی؛ هادی زرقانی^* ؛ علی نوروزیان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی و مقایسه ترکیب‌های مختلف کشت‌مخلوط سه گونه زراعی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L.)، لوبیا‌قرمز (Phaseolus calcaratus L.) و کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) بر خصوصیات رشدی، عملکرد و اجزای‌عملکرد، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده ‌کشاورزی دانشگاه ‌فردوسی ‌مشهد در دو سال زراعی 89-1388 و 90-1389 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با شش‌تیمار و چهار‌تکرار انجام شد. ترکیب‌های مختلف کشت‌مخلوط شامل مخلوط ردیفی آفتابگردان، کنجد و لوبیا (A)، مخلوط ردیفی آفتابگردان، کنجد و لوبیا‌قرمز (دو ردیف از هر گونه) (B)، مخلوط نواری آفتابگردان، کنجد و لوبیا‌قرمز (چهار ردیف از هر گونه) (C) و کشت‌های خالص آفتابگردان (D)، لوبیا (E) و کنجد (F) (12 ردیف از هر گونه) بود. نتایج نشان‌داد که اثر ترکیب‌های مختلف کشت‌مخلوط بر خصوصیات رویشی، اجزای‌عملکرد، عملکرد‌بیولوژیک، عملکرد‌ دانه و شاخص‌برداشت آفتابگردان، کنجد و لوبیا‌قرمز معنی دار (01/0p

کلیدواژه‌ها

کشت‌مخلوط ردیفی؛ کشت‌مخلوط نواری؛ نسبت برابری‌زمین

مراجع

1- Abbasi, A. 2004. Density review cumin and chickpea intercropping with emphasis keeps the weeds in Mashhad. Master thesis of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University.

2- Ahmad, N. 1997. Agro-economic relationships of the component crops in some wheat-based intercropping systems at different patterns of wheat plantation. Ph.D. Thesis, Unvi. Agric., Faisalabad (Pakistan).

3- Mahdavi Damghani, A., Kocheki, A., and Zand, A. 2006. The design and management of sustainable agricultural ecosystems. Key articles of Crop Science Congress. Aboureihan-University Campus Thran.7-5 September.

4- Anonymous. 2001. The objectives of conservation tillage: fewer trips, more rest soil and increased profitability.

5- Bajwa, A. N., Nazir M. S., and Mohsan, S. M. 1992. Agro-economic studies on some wheat-based intercropping systems. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29(4): 439-443.

6- Banik, P.A., Midya B.K., Sarkar S., and Ghose S. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: advantages and weed smothering. European Journal Agronomy 24: 325-332.

7- Bhatti L. Ahmad H, R. and Shafi Nazir M. 2005. Agronomic traits of sesame as affected by grain legumes intercropping and planting patterns. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 42(1): 10-20.

8- Biabania. A., Hashemi M.and Herbertt S.J. 2008. Agronomic performance of two intercropped soybean cultivars. International Journal of Plant Production 2(3): 215-222.

9- Brumner, E.C, 1998. Diversity, stability and susainable American agriculture. Agronomy Journal 90(1): 10-20.

10- Chandel, A.S., V.K. Singh and S.G. Saxena. 1987. Stability of soybean varieties for maize+soybean intercropping. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 57(3): 330-335.

11- Chanthakhoun, V., Wanapat, M., Wanapat, S., 2008. Study on yield, nutritive value and ruminal degradability of Phaseolus calcaratus (Tua-mun) in swamp buffaloes. Proc. XIII th AAAP. Int. cog, Hanoi, Vietnam, p. 7.

12- Chapman, S. R., Allard R.W. and Adams J. 1989. Effect of planting rate and genotypic frequency on yield and seed size in mixture of two wheat varieties. Crop Science. 9 (1): 575-576.

13- Connolly, J., Goma H.C. and Rahim K. 2001. The infprmation content of indicators in intercropping research. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 87: 191-207.

14- Elmore, R. W. and Jackobs J. A.1984. Yield and yield components of sorghum and soybean of varing plant heights when intercropped. Agronomy Journal 76: 561-564.

15- Fernandez-Aparicio M., Emeran A.A, and Rubiales D. 2008. Control of Orobanch crenata in legumes intercropping with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum Graceum). Crop protection 27:653-659.

16- Gardiner, T.R. and Craker L.E., 1979. Development and light interception in a bean-maize intercropping. Agronomy Abstracts, 102.

17- Geno, l., and Geno B. 2001. Polyculture production principles benefits and risks of multiple cropping land management systems for Australia, RIRDC.

18- Graham, P.L., Steiner J.L. and Wise A.F. 1988. Light absorbtion and competition in mixed.

19- Hussain S. A., Ali N., Rab A., and Hashmi A. 2005. Intercropping effect on growth and yield of winter vegetables. Sarhad Journal Agriculture 21(2): 345-350.

20- Jahan, M. 2004. Ecological aspects of intercropping chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) And marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) With manure. Master's thesis of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

21- Jahani, M. 2006. Evaluation of different intercropping arrangements of cumin Vds. Master Thesis of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

22- Jahani, M., Kocheki A., and Nasiri Mohalati M., 2008. Evaluation of different intercropping combinations cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and lentil (Lens culinaris) in low-input agricultural systems. Iranian Journal of Crop Research 6(1): 592-595 (In Persian with English Abstract).

23- Jindal, S.K. and Gupta B.S. 1984. Component analysis of yield in cowpea. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54: 183-185.

24- Karimi, M. And Azizi, M. 1994. Analysis of crop growth. Publications University of Mashhad.

25- Kazi, B. R., Oad F. C., Jamro G. H, Jamali L. A. and. Oad N. L. 2002. Effect of water stress on the growth, yield and oil content of sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Applied Sciences 2(5): 550—552.

26- Kocheki, A. and Soltani A. 1998. Principles and agricultural practices in arid areas. Publication of agricultural education.

27- Kocheki, A., Lalegani, B. and Najib Nia, S. 2009. Evaluation of intercropping beans and corn production. Iranian Journal of Crop Research 7(2): 20-30. (In Persian with English Abstract).

28- Kumar, A. and Singh, B. P. 2006. Effect of row ratio and phosphorus level on performance of chickpea (Cicer arientinum) –Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea) intercropping. Indian Journal of Agronomy 51:100-102.

29- Maffei, J. and Mucciarelli, M. 2003. Essential oil yield in peppermint-soybean strip-cropping. Field Crops Research 84:229-240. (In Persian with English Abstract).

30- Majnoon Hosseini, N. 2008. Agriculture and grain production. Tehran University Press, p 284.

31- Mansouri, D. 2010. Evaluation of intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) And Seville (Glycine max (L.)) Merr. In different planting dates. Journal crop production 3(3):209-216.

32- Mazaheri, D. 1998. Agriculture mix. Tehran University Press

33- Mazaheri, D., Parsapoor S., and Peyghambari A., 2002. Study analysis of growth in agriculture, monoculture and mixture of soybean cultivars. Research and Builders: 54-37.

34- Mosavian. S., Lorzadeh SH., Ebrahimpour F and Chaab, A. 2010. Nitrogen and mixing ratio on grain yield and some morphological characteristics of corn and sunflower intercropping north of Khuzestan. Journal - Iran's research farm research, 8(4): 708-716. (In Persian with English Abstract).

35- Paolini, F., Caporali R., Campiglia F. 1991. Suitability of intercropping sunflower & chickpea in Mediteranean environment. Agricultural Mediteranean. 121(4).119-129.

36- Papendick, R.I., Sanchez D.A. and Triplet G. B. 1983. Multiple cropping. American Society of Agronomy .ASA.press.

37- Parves. A.Q., Gardner F.Q. and Boote K.J. 1989. Determinate and interminate- Type soybean cultivar responses to pattern, density and planting date. Crop Sci. 29: 150:157.

38- Prasad, R., Singh R., Sing S.and Pal, M.. 2001. Studies on intercropping potato with fenugreek. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 49(2): 189-191.

39- Rajeswara Rao, B. R. 2002. Biomass yield, essential oil yield and essential oil composition of Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species) as influenced by row spacing and inter cropping with cornmint (Mentha arrensis L.f. piperascens Malinv.EX Holmes). Industrial Crops and Products 16: 133-144.

40- Rezends, G.D.S.P., and M.A. Ramalho. 1994. Competitive ability of maize and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars intercropped in different environments. Journal of Agricultural Science 123: 185-190.

41- Rezvan Beidokhti, SH. 2004. Comparison of different combinations in mixed cropping of maize and beans. Thesis Master of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian).

42- Rodrigues-Gomez O., Zavalet-Mejia E, Gonzales-Hernandez, V.A, Livera-Munoz M, and Cardenas-Soriano E. 2003. Allelophathy and microclimatic modification of intercropping with marigold on tomato early blight disease development. Field Crops Research 83:27-34.

43- Sarmdnia, Gh. And Kocheki A. 1993. Crop Physiology. (Translated) Publications Jihad Mashhad University. 468 p.

44- Sastava B.M., Lavan M., and Maina Y.T. 2004. Management of insect pests of soybean: effects of sowing date and intercropping on damage and grain yield in the Nigerian Sudan savanna. Crop Protection 23:155-161.

45- Singh, R.V. and Gupta P.C. 1993. Aggressively, competitive ratio and relative crowding coefficient of wheat and Indian mustard in mixed and intercropping systems. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 63(1): 1-3.

46- Sullivan, p. 2003. Intercropping principles and production practices (Agronomy system guide), ATTRA, Available at: http:// www.attra.ncat.org.

47- Suresha B. A., Allolli T.B, Patil M.G., Desaiand B.K, and Hussain S.A. 2007. Yield and economics of chili based intercropping system. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20(4): 807-809.

48- Taghizadeh, M. S. And Kochaki, A. 1995. Effects of seed and plant density on yield and yield components of soybean cultivars in intercropping. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (2): 43-33.

49- Zaffaroni, E., A.F.M. Vasconcelos and E.B. Lopes. 1991. Evaluation of intercropping cassava/corn/bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in north Brazil. Journal of agronomy and crop science 167: 207-212.

50- Zhang, L., Vanderwerf, W., Bastiaans L., Zhang S., Li B., and. Spierts, J.H. 2008. Light interception and utilization in relay intercrops of wheat and cotton. Field Crops Research 107: 29-42.

51- Zhao, Z.N., and Ma, H.Q. 1992. Intercropping wheat with sesame in summer. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3(41) Shaanxi Special Crops Research Station. Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China [Field Crop Absts] 47(7): 4574.