ارزیابی پتانسیل تولید، کارایی استفاده از منابع و سودمندی اکولوژیکی - اقتصادی در کشت مخلوط لوبیا چیتی (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) و کدو ‌‌پوست ‌کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo L.) در شرایط همزیستی با میکوریزا

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 48، تیر 1400، صفحه 271-290   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v13i2.79212

نویسندگان

جواد حمزه ئی^* ؛ سیده فاطمه حسینی

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی اثر همزیستی با میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae) بر سودمندی اکولوژیک کشت مخلوط افزایشی لوبیا چیتی با کدو پوست کاغذی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان در سال زراعی 1395 انجام گرفت. الگوی کشت در پنج سطح شامل کشت خالص کدوی پوست کاغذی (با تراکم 22/2 بوته در واحد سطح)، کشت خالص لوبیا چیتی (با تراکم 40 بوته در واحد سطح) و کشت مخلوط سری افزایشی 20، 40 و 60 درصد لوبیا با کدو در دو حالت کاربرد و عدم کاربرد کود زیستی میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae)، تیمارهای آزمایشی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر الگوهای کشت در هر دو حالت کاربرد و عدم کاربرد میکوریزا بر صفات تعداد میوه در بوته، وزن بذر، عملکرد بذر، عملکرد روغن، عملکرد معادل کدو، کارایی مصرف آب و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن کدو و همچنین تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن 100 دانه و عملکرد دانه لوبیا معنی­دار بود. درصد روغن در کدو و درصد همزیستی در هر دو گیاه نیز در صورت کاربرد میکوریزا معنی­دار بودند. بیشترین عملکرد معادل کدو (26/185 گرم بر مترمربع)، کارایی مصرف آب (72/2 کیلوگرم بر میلی‌متر) و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن (29/10 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) از کشت مخلوط افزایشی 40 درصد لوبیا با کدو و در صورت کاربرد میکوریزا به‌دست آمد. نسبت برابری زمین جزئی در کدو بیشتر از لوبیا بود که بیانگر تأثیرپذیری بیشتر و مثبت کدو از کشت مخلوط با لوبیا است. بیشترین میزان نسبت برابری زمین (61/1)، مجموع ارزش نسبی (83/1)، کارایی استفاده از زمین (27/154) و شاخص بازگشت مالی (14/463) از کشت مخلوط افزایشی 40 درصد لوبیا با کدو و در حالت کاربرد میکوریزا حاصل شد که بیانگر توانایی میکوریزا در تعدیل رقابت لوبیا با کدو می‌باشد. در کل، با توجه به بهبود اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد معادل، کیفیت محصول تولیدی، کارایی مصرف آب و نیتروژن و نیز با عنایت به شاخص­های سودمندی اکولوژیک می­توان اظهار داشت که کشت مخلوط افزایشی 40 درصد لوبیا با کدو در شرایط کاربرد میکوریزا مناسب­ترین تیمار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوی‌کشت؛ عملکرد ‌معادل؛ کارایی‌ مصرف ‌آب؛ کارایی ‌مصرف ‌نیتروژن؛ کود ‌‌زیستی

مراجع

Aboutalebian, M.A., and Malmir, M., 2017. Effect of mycorrhiza and Bradyrhizobium on yield and yield components of soybean in different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Field Crop Science 4(48):901-9011. (In Persian with English Summary)

Agegnehu, G., Ghizaw, A., and Sinebo, W., 2006. Yield performance and land use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. European Journal of Agronomy 25: 202-207.

Alikhan, A., Jilani, G., Saleem Akhtar, M., Saqlan Naqvi, S.M., and Rasheed, M., 2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: Occurrence, mechanisms and thir role in crop production. Journal of Agricultural and Biological science 1: 48-58.

Allahdadi, M., Shakiba, M.R., Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A., and Amini, R., 2013. Evaluation of yield and advantages of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill.) and calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) intercropping systems. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 23(3): 47-58. (In Persian with English Summary)

Al-Mefleh, N.K., Samarah, N., Zaitoun, S., and Al-Ghzawi, A., 2012. Effect of irrigation levels on fruit characteristics, total fruit yield and water use efficiency of melon under drip irrigation system. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 10(2): 540-545.

Amani Machiani, M., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M.R., and Maggi, F., 2018. Evaluation of yield, essential oil content and compositions of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) intercropped with faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Cleaner Production 171: 529–537.

Andersen, M.K., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Ambus, P., and Jensen, E.S., 2004. Biomass production, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and inorganic N use in dual and tricomponent annual intercrops. Plant and Soil 266: 273–287.

Awal, M.A., Pramanik, M.H.R., and Hossen, M.A., 2007. Interspecies competition, growth and yield in barley-peanut intercropping. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6(4): 577-584.

Banik, P., Midya, A., Sarkar, B.K., and Ghose, S.S., 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. European Journal Agronomy 24: 325-332.

Baqual, M.F., and Das, P.K., 2006. Influence of biofertilizers on macronutrient uptake by the mulberry plant and its impact on silkworm bioassay. Caspian Journal of Environmental Science 4: 98-102.

Bargaz, A., Zaman-Allah, M., Farissi, M., Lazali, M., Drevon, J.-J., Maougal, R.T., and Georg, C., 2015. Physiological and molecular aspects of tolerance to environmental constraints in grain and forage legumes. International Journal of Molecular Science 16: 18976–19008.

Bastami, A., and Majidian, M., 2016. Effects of mycorrhiza, phosphatic biofertilizer on photosynthetic pigments and yield in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Plant Productions 38: 49-60. (In Persian with English Summary)

Bedoussac, L., Journet, E.P., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Naudin, C., Corre-Hellou, G., Jensen, E.S., Prieur, L., and Justes, E., 2015. Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal-grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 35: 911–935.

Bedoussac, L., and Justes, E., 2011. A comparison of commonly used indices for evaluating species interactions and intercrop efficiency: Application to durum wheat–winter pea intercrops. Field Crops Research 124: 25–36.

Brito, I., Michael Goss, J., and Carvalho M., 2008. Agronomic management of indigenous mycorrhizas. Universidade de Evora, ICAM, Apartado 94: 7002 – 554.

Cardoso, I., and Kuyper M.T.W., 2006. Mycorrhizas and tropical soil fertility. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 116: 72-84.

Connolly, J., 1987. On the use of response models in mixture experiments. Oecologia 72: 95–103.

Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B., and Dordas, C.A., 2007. Competitionindices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Research 100: 249–256.

Fruhwirth, G.O., and Hermetter, A., 2008. Production technology and characteristics of styrian pumpkin seed oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 110: 637-644.

Gianinazzi, S., Gollotte, A., Binet, M.N., Van Tuinen, D., Redecker, D., and Wipf, D., 2010. Agroecology: The key role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in ecosystem services. Mycorrhiza 20: 519–530.

Grigulis, K., Lavorel, S., Krainer, U., Legay, N., Baxendale, C., Dumont, M., Kastl, E., Arnoldi, C., Bardgett, R.D., Poly, F., Pommier, T., Schloter, M., Tappeiner, U., Bahn, M., and Clément, J.C., 2013. Relative contributions of plant traits and soil microbial properties to mountain grassland ecosystem services. Journal of Ecology 101: 47–57.

Habibi, A., Heidari, G., Sohrabi, Y., Badakhshan, H., and Mohammadi, K., 2011. Influence of bio, organic and chemical fertilizers on medicinal pumpkin traits. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(23): 5590-5597.

Hamzei, J., 2012. Evaluation of yield, spad index, landuse efficiency and system productivity index of barley (Hordeum vulgare) intercropped with bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia). Journal of Crop Production and Processing 2 (4):79-92. (In Persian with English Summary)

Hamzei, J., and Babaei, M., 2015. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizing on phenology, grain yield and oil of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Hamadan region. Agricultural science and Sustainable Production 2(25): 1-13. (In Persian with English Summary)

Hamzei, J., and Salimi, F., 2014. Root colonization, yield and yield components of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) affected by mycorhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer. Journal of Agricutural Science and Sustainable Production 24(4): 87-94.

Hashemzadeh, F., Mirshekari, B., Yarnia, M., Rahimzadeh Khoei, F., and Tarinejhad, A., 2014. Effect of bio and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and mycorrhizal colonization percent on common Dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 8(3): 257-270.

Heidari, M., and Karami, V., 2014. Effects of different mycorrhiza species on grain yield, nutrient uptake and oil content of sunflower under water stress. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 13(1): 9-13.

Hosseini, S.H., Yousefzadeh, S., Yeritsayan, S., and Khodayar, H., 2016. Growth analysis and qualitative traits pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Affected by application of chemical and organic fertilizers. Journal of Plant production Research 23(1): 131-155. (In Persian with English Summary)

Justes, E., Bedoussac, L., Corre-Hellou, G., Fustec, J., Hinsinger, P., Jeuffroy, M.-H., Journet, E.P., Louarn, G., Naudin, C., and Pelzer, E., 2014. Les processus de complémentarité de niche et de facilitation déterminent le fonctionnement des associations végétales et leur efficacité pour l’acquisition des ressources abiotiques. Innovations Agronomiques 1–24.

Kapoor, R., Giri, B., and Mukerji, K.G., 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in foeniculum vulgare Mill. on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with Pfertilizer. Bioresource Technology 93: 307-311.

Latati, M., Blavet, D., Alkama, N., Laoufi, H., Drevon, J.J., Gérard, F., Pansu, M., and Ounane, S.M., 2014. The intercropping cowpea-maize improves soil phosphorus availability and maize yields in an alkaline soil. Plant and Soil 385: 181–191.

Lithourgidis, A.S., Vlachostergios, D.N., Dordas, C.A., and Damalas, C.A., 2011. Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea-cereal intercropping systems. European Journal of Agronomy 34: 287-294.

Marzban, Z., Ameriyan, M.R., and Mamarabadi, M., 2014. Responses of agronomic characteristics of maize and Cowpea tomycorrhiza and Mesorrhizobial Bacteria in intercropping. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 8:165-180.

Mohammadi, E., Asghari, H., and Gholami, A., 2014. Evaluation the possibility of utilization of bio fertilizer mycorrhiza in phosphorus supply in Chickpea cultivation (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11(4): 658-665. (In Persian with English Summary)

Moll, R.H., Kamprath, E.J and Jackson, W.A., 1982. Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agronomy Journal 74: 562-564.

Naghizade, M., Ramroodi, M., Galavi, M., Siahsar, B., Heydari, M., and Maghsoodi, A.A., 2012. The Effects of various phosphorus fertilizers on yield and yield components of maize and Grass Pea intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field crop science 43(2):203-215. (In Persian with English Summary)

Nazari-Nasi, H, Amirnia, R., and Zardashti, M., 2018. Effect of drought stress and biofertilizers on some physiological characteristics and grain yield of medicinal pumpkin plants. Journal of Agricultural Crops Production 20(1).

Omidi, F., and Sepehri, A., 2015. Effect of sodium nitroprusside application on leaf area, growth and water use efficiency of kidney bean under water deficit stress. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture) 16(4): 871-885. (In Persian with English Summary)

Parsa, M., and Bagheri, A., 2008. Pulse. Jahade-e-Daneshghahi Mashhad Press, Iran. 828 pp. (In Persian)

Philips, J. M., and Hayman, D.S., 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of British Mycological Society 55: 158-161.

Rahmani, M., Zavareh, M., Hamidi, I., and Hoogenboom, G., 2017. Effect of planting date and density on yield and commercial qualities of hybrid seed production of maize (Zea mays L. Cv. SC 704). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 49(2): 93-103. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Tajbakhsh, M., Valizadegan, O., and Banaei-Asl, F., 2014. Evaluation of different intercropping patterns of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.) in double crop. Journal of Agroecology 5(4): 462-472. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Moradi, R., 2012. Assessment of planting date, biological fertilizer and intercropping on yield and essential oil of cumin and fenugreek. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 2: 217-230. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rokhzadi, A., Asgharzadeh, A., Darvish, F., Nour-Mohammadi, G., and Majidi, E., 2008. Influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on dry matter accumulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field condition. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 3: 253- 257.

Sepehri, A., and Karami, A., 2013. Integrative applications of chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers on grain yield and oil of Borago officinalis L. under water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 43(4): 691-699. (In Persian with English Summary)

Singh, M., Singh, U.B., Ram, M., Yadav, A., and Chanotiya, C.S., 2013. Biomass yield, essential oil yield and quality of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) as influenced by intercropping with garlic (Allium sativum L.) under subtropical and temperate climate of India. Industrial Crops and Products 46: 234-237.

Singh, N.V., Singh, S.K., Singh, A.K., Meshram, D.T., Suroshe, S.S., and Mishra, D.C., 2012. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Scientia Horticulturae 136: 122–127.

Snaydon, R.W., 1991. Replacement or additive design for competition studies. Journal of Applied Ecology 28: 930–946.

Szumigalski, A.R., and Van Acker, R.C., 2006. Nitrogen yield and land use efficiency in annual sole crops and intercrops. Agronomy Journal 98: 1030-1040.

Wahla, I.H., Ahmad, R., Ehsanullah, Ahmad, A., and Jabbar, A., 2009. Competitive functions of components crops in some barley based intercropping systems. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 11(1): 69-72.

Willey, R.W., 1979. Intercropping its importance and research needs: Part I. Competition and yield advantage. Field Crop Abstracts 32: 1–10.

Zegada-Lizarazu, W., Izumi, Y., and Iijima, M., 2006. Water competition of intercropped pearl millet with cowpea under drought and soil compaction stresses. Plant Production Science 9: 123–132.