مطالعه‌ی شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن در کلزا تحت تأثیر کود سبز و منابع مختلف نیتروژن

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 46، تیر 1396، صفحه 413-424   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v15i2.51733

نویسندگان

خاتون دبیقی؛ اسفندیار فاتح^* ؛ امیر آینه بند

دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظورمطالعه‌ی تأثیر کود سبز و منابع مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن در کلزا رقم هایولا 401، در سال زراعی 93-1392 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز انجام گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل انواع مختلف کود سبز در پنج سطح (آیش، ماش، ارزن، جو و مخلوط ماش+ ارزن) و فاکتور فرعی شامل منابع نیتروژن (صفر، 50% نیتروژن شیمیایی+ کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین و 100% نیتروژن شیمیایی) بود. میزان مصرف کود نیتروژن 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار و از منبع اوره استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف کود بر شاخص‌های کارایی به جزء شاخص اتکا به نیتروژن تأثیر منفی داشت. بیشترین میزان اتکا به نیتروژن (46/0 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) در شرایط عدم کاربرد کود سبز و 100% نیتروژن به فرم شیمیایی به‌دست آمد. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده بالاترین میزان شاخص کارایی مصرف (4/21 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) از تیمار ماش و عدم کاربرد نیتروژن، کارایی جذب (04/1 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) کاربرد ماش و تیمار عدم کاربرد نیتروژن، کارایی زراعی (98/24 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) در تیمار کشت مخلوط ماش و ارزن و تیمار تلفیقی نیتروژن حاصل شد. در مجموع نتایج حاکی از تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار گیاهان کود سبز و نیز تلفیق کودهای شیمیایی و بیولوژیک به جهت بهبود عملکرد و شاخص‌های کارایی و نیز کاهش وابستگی به نهاده های شیمیایی در راستای حرکت در مسیر کشاورزی پایدار می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص اتکا به نیتروژن؛ کارایی مصرف؛ کلزا؛ کود بیولوژیک؛ کشاورزی پایدار

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