تاثیر بیوچار بر حاصلخیزی خاک و کارایی مصرف آب در سیاه دانه (.Nigella sativa L) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53، فروردین 1398، صفحه 39-52   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i1.63344

نویسندگان

فاطمه عباس پور¹؛ حمید رضا اصغری^{* 1}؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم²؛ حمید عباس دخت¹؛ جواد شباهنگ²؛ عادل بیگ بابایی³

¹دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³موسسه پژوهشی صنایع غذایی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر حاصلخیزی خاک و کارایی مصرف آب در سیاه‌دانه (Nigella sativa L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح 100درصد، 70 و 40درصد نیاز آبی و کرت‌های فرعی شامل فاکتور بیوچار در سه سطح شامل بدون بیوچار، 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار و 20 تن در هکتار بیوچار و کود شیمیایی در دو سطح شامل بدون مصرف کود و مصرف کود بود. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف20 تن در هکتار بیوچار بیشترین تاثیر را بر درصد نیتروژن خاک، میزان پتاسیم، درصد مواد آلی و کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی خاک داشت ولی اثر بیوچار بر میزان فسفر قابل دسترس خاک معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج مرتبط با گیاه سیاه‌دانه نشان داد که با وجود معنی‌دار نبودن اثر ساده بیوچار بر صفات گیاه، اثر متقابل آن با کود شیمیایی و نیاز آبی معنی‌دار شد. بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب بر اساس عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای آبیاری بر اساس 70 درصد نیاز آبی به‌همراه مصرف کود شیمیایی (I2F2) و 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار به‌همراه مصرف کود شیمیایی (B2F2) مشاهده شد. اثرات متقابل آبیاری، بیوچار و کود شیمیایی تاثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد کاه و کلش در سیاه‌دانه داشت و بیشترین تاثیر مربوط به تیمار آبیاری بر اساس 70 درصد نیاز آبی به‌همراه 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار و کودشیمیایی (I2B2F2) بود. به طور کلی، استفاده از بیوچار در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک علاوه بر بهبود خصوصیات خاک، جذب آب و عناصر غذایی توسط گیاه را افزایش داده و با تاثیر بهینه بر عملکرد، میزان آب مصرفی در سیاه‌دانه را کاهش داده و باعث صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژه های کلیدی: زیست توده میکروبی؛ کودشیمیایی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ مواد آلی خاک

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