اثر کاربرد تلفیقی ریزو باکتری‌های محرک رشد و قارچ میکوریزا در کشت مخلوط بزرک (Linum usitatissimum L.) و باقلا (Vicia faba L.) بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد دانه

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 9، دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53، فروردین 1398، صفحه 123-140   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i1.71955

نویسندگان

خدیجه علیزاده؛ اسماعیل رضائی چیانه^* ؛ رضا امیرنیا؛ محسن برین

دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی بر برخی ویژگی‌های زراعی بزرک (Linum usitatissimum L.) و باقلا (Vicia faba L.) در کشت مخلوط، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل­تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه در سال زراعی 96-1395 به اجرا درآمد. عامل اول شامل الگوی کشت در پنج سطح شامل کشت خالص بزرک، کشت خالص باقلا، کشت مخلوط یک ردیف بزرک + یک ردیف باقلا، دو ردیف بزرک + دو ردیف باقلا و سه ردیف بزرک + سه ردیف باقلا و عامل دوم شامل عدم مصرف و مصرف کود زیستی (ترکیب قارچ میکوریزا+ باکتری‌های تأمین‌کننده نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم و گوگرد) بود. صفات مورد مطالعه برای بزرک شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و درصد روغن و برای باقلا شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی، طول نیام، تعداد نیام در بوته، تعداد دانه در نیام، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی کشت بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی باقلا و بزرک اثر معنی‌دار داشت. حداکثر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک باقلا به‌ترتیب از کشت خالص (به‌ترتیب با 280/4 و 300/13 تن در هکتار) و کمترین مقادیر آنها از کشت مخلوط با نسبت یک ردیف بزرک و یک ردیف باقلا خالص (به‌ترتیب با 590/2 و 240/10  تن در هکتار) به‌دست آمد. حداکثر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک بزرک از کشت خالص بزرک (به‌ترتیب با 230/2 و 153/7 تن در هکتار) و کمترین میزان عملکرد از کشت مخلوط سه ردیف بزرک و سه ردیف باقلا (به‌ترتیب با  040/1 و 992/4 تن در هکتار) حاصل شد. درصد روغن بزرک در تمامی الگوهای کشت مخلوط بیشتر از کشت خالص بود. همچنین، بالاترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک هر دو گونه در شرایط کاربرد کود زیستی و کمترین مقادیر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک از عدم مصرف کاربرد کود زیستی به‌دست آمد. بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین نیز در شرایط کاربرد کود زیستی در کشت مخلوط دو ردیف بزرک + دو ردیف باقلا برابر با 53/1 به‌دست آمد که معادل 53 درصد افزایش در بهره‌وری استفاده از زمین نسبت به کشت خالص دو گونه بود و این نشان‌دهنده برتری کشت مخلوط در مقایسه با کشت خالص است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ازتوباکتر؛ باکتری های حل کننده فسفات؛ روغن؛ الگوی کشت؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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