تاثیر محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید بر کارآیی مصرف آب در جو در شرایط قطع آبیاری

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 11، دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53، فروردین 1398، صفحه 157-167   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i1.73912

نویسندگان

عباس ابهری؛ اسماعیل قلی نژاد^*

دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر سالیسیلیک اسید بر کارآیی مصرف آب و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی جو در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزارع کیذور واقع در شهرستان سبزوار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری در دو سطح قطع آبیاری (قطع آبیاری از مرحله آبستنی (کد 49 زادوکس) تا برداشت) و آبیاری کامل و تیمار محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در چهار سطح صفر (شاهد)، دو، چهار و شش میلی‌مولار در مرحله ساقه‌دهی (کد 39 زادوکس) روی جو اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو شرایط آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری بیشترین تعداد سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیکی در متر مربع به‌ترتیب در تیمار محلول‌پاشی دو تا شش میلی‌مولار سالسیلیک اسید و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. کمترین کارایی مصرف آب (38/0) در شرایط قطع آبیاری و بدون مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید حاصل شد و با مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید تا شش میلی‌مولار کارایی مصرف آب افزایش یافت. همچنین با افزایش مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مقایسه با آبیاری کامل، کارایی مصرف آب افزایش بیشتری یافت. کمبود آب از یک طرف با تأثیر بر ساختار غشای سلول سبب افزایش نفوذپذیری غشا نسبت به یون‌ها و ماکرو مولکول‌ها شد (نشت الکترولیت برگ در شرایط آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری به‎ترتیب 45/0 و 58/0 بود) و از طرف دیگر، با افت شاخص کلروفیل، فتوسنتز را کاهش داد که در نهایت کاهش عملکرد و اجزای آن را به همراه داشت. از طرفی، اسید سالیسیلیک موجب تعدیل تنش خشکی از طریق کاهش نشت یونی (عدم مصرف و مصرف سالسیلیک اسید شش میلی‌مولار در شرایط قطع آبیاری به‌‎ترتیب 61/0 و 38/0 بود)، افزایش غلظت پرولین و شاخص کلروفیل در نتیجه بهبود عملکرد دانه گندم در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مقایسه با آبیاری کامل گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ عملکرد؛ قطع آبیاری؛ شاخص کلروفیل؛ نشت الکترولیت

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