تأثیر نحوه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و اسانس گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 10، دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، فروردین 1399، صفحه 125-137   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v18i1.82805

نویسندگان

حسین آزادواری؛ معصومه نعیمی^* ؛ عبدالطیف قلی زاده؛ علی نخزری مقدم

دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و اسانس گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) تحت شرایط کم‌آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی گنبد کاووس در سال زراعی 97-1396 انجام شد. سطوح مختلف آبیاری در چهار سطح شامل: عدم آبیاری (دیم)، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه و انجام دو بار آبیاری به‌‌ترتیب در زمان گلدهی و پر شدن دانه و عامل اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح شامل: عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد)، پرایمینگ بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک به‌میزان 5/0 میلی‌مولار در لیتر در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه در این آزمایش شامل: ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه‌ فرعی، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن کپسول در بوته، وزن خشک بوته، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس و در نهایت عملکرد دانه در گیاه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات برهمکنش آبیاری و اسید سالیسیلیک بر کلیه صفات مورد ارزیابی به‌جز درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس معنی‌دار بود و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش صفات مورفولوژیکی گردید. بیشترین میزان اسانس (655/0 درصد) و عملکرد اسانس (93/7 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سطوح مختلف آبیاری به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمار آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه و دو بار آبیاری بود. تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی بیشترین میزان اسانس و عملکرد اسانس را به‌خود اختصاص داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1330 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط دوبار آبیاری و کمترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک به‌میزان 817 کیلوگرم در هکتار در شرایط دیم به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که با مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی و دو بار آبیاری می‌توان به عملکرد مطلوب سیاهدانه دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ تنش خشکی؛ پرایمینگ؛ عملکرد دانه؛ محلول‌پاشی

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