امکان سنجی پالایش محیط های آبی آلوده به کادمیوم توسط علف شاخی (Ceratophyllum demersum L.)

آب و خاک

مقاله 2، دوره 30، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 50، بهمن 1395، صفحه 1918-1929   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v30i6.23944

نویسندگان

امیر پرنیان^{* 1}؛ مصطفی چرم²؛ نعمت اله جعفرزاده حقیقی فرد³

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز

²دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

³دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز

چکیده

کادمیوم از جمله عناصر کم مقدار و مضر برای حیات و آلاینده ای خطرناک به شمار می رود. این عنصر از طریق منابع آلوده از جمله پساب ها، فاضلاب (شهری و صنعتی) و زه آب های آلوده سبب آلودگی، کاهش کیفیت و گاهی حتی سمیت منابع آب می گردد. با توجه به افزایش جمعیت و نیاز به منابع آب بیشتر، همچنین افزایش آلوده شدن این منابع آبی ارزشمند، نیاز شدیدی به روش های نو و ارزان برای پالایش و بهبود کیفیت آب ها احساس می شود. گیاه پالایی با گیاهان آبزی روشی مؤثر و ارزان برای بهبود کیفیت آب و پساب هاست. گیاه علف شاخی (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) از گیاهان آبزی بومی رودخانه های ایران است، و به وفور در ایران یافت می شود. در این پژوهش طی 14 روز کشت علف شاخی در محلول غذایی هوگلند آلوده در 4 سطح مختلف کادمیوم (1، 2، 4 و 6 میلی گرم در لیتر) پالایش محیط های آبی آلوده به کادمیوم امکان سنجی شد. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که، این گیاه کادمیوم را به مقدار زیادی جذب زیستی کرده است و درصد جذب کادمیوم تا حدود 82% در سطح 2 میلی گرم در لیتر رسید. عامل غلظت زیستی و شاخص جذب حداکثری کادمیوم در سطوح 2 و 6 میلی گرم در لیتر، به ترتیب 9/707 و 92/3 میلی گرم در هر ظرف به دست آمد. کمترین و بیشترین مقدار شاخص تولید زیست توده گیاهی 62/1 و 60/3 گرم در روز، به ترتیب مربوط به سطوح آلودگی 6 و 0 میلی گرم در روز بود. پالایش سبز کادمیوم با رشد و تکثیر گیاه علف شاخی از پساب های صنعتی پیشنهاد می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پالایش سبز؛ علف شاخی؛ کادمیوم؛ گیاهان آبزی؛ فلزات سنگین

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