ارزیابی پاسخ ژنوتیپ‌های جو (Hordum vulgare) دیم به مقادیر و زمان‌های مصرف نیتروژن

آب و خاک

مقاله 1، دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، خرداد 1396، صفحه 490-508   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v31i2.53350

نویسنده

ولی فیضی اصل^*

موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه

چکیده

نیتروژن پس از آب دومین عامل محدودکننده رشد گیاهان در شرایط دیم بشمار می‌آید، لذا برای تولید اقتصادی جو در این مناطق، استفاده مناسب از آنبسیار ضروری است. به‌منظور ارزیابی پاسخ ژنوتیپ‌های جو دیم به مصرف نیتروژن، پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خردشده با زمان مصرف نیتروژن در کرت‌های اصلی (کل نیتروژن درپائیز، در پائیز + در بهار و در پائیز + در بهار)، مقادیر نیتروژن (صفر، 30، 60، 90 و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت‌های فرعی و ژنوتیپ‌های جو (سهند، آبیدر، Dayton/Ranny، Alpha/Gumhuriyet/Sonja و B-C-74-2) در کرت‌های فرعی در فرعی در 4 بلوک و به مدت 3 سال زراعی (89-86) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد، مصرف نیتروژن از طریق افزایش معنی‌دار (01/0P≤) تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح (243-112) و ارتفاع بوته (6/17-3/6 سانتی‌متر) به عنوان سطح اندام‌های فتوسنتزکننده گیاه، طول (2/0-1 سانتی‌متر بر بوته) و وزن (2/0-1/0 گرم بر بوته) ریشه در مرحله پنجه‌زنی گیاه و کارایی استفاده از آب (5/2-3/1 کیلوگرم در هکتار بر میلی‌متر) باعث افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه، بیولوژیک و کاه (01/0P≤) شد. نیاز نیتروژنی جو در شرایط خشکسالی حدود 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در سال‌های نرمال 43 کیلوگرم در هکتار در منطقه مورد مطالعه تعیین شد که این مقادیر به ترتیب برای دستیابی به عملکردهای دانه 1784 و 3100 کیلوگرم در هکتار می‌باشد. در سال‌های نرمال 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار آن در پائیز و 13 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت سرک همرا بارندگی‌های اوایل بهار مصرف می‌شود. در نهایت، اثر بارندگی در افزایش عملکرد دانه جو دیم 1/2 برابر بیشتر از مصرف نیتروژن بود و این موضوع اهمیت بیشتر آب را نسبت به نیتروژن در دیمزارهای ایران به اثبات می‌رساند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بارندگی؛ نیاز نیتروژنی؛ کارایی استفاده از نیتروژن

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