اثر تیمار بذور با نانوذرات تیتانیم معمولی و رنگی بر جذب عناصر و فعالیت آنزیمی

آب و خاک

مقاله 5، دوره 33، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 63، فروردین 1398، صفحه 51-62   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i1.67723

نویسندگان

حسن میر¹؛ احمد غلامعلی زاده آهنگر^{* 2}؛ نوشین میر¹

¹زابل

²دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

گزارشات بسیاری در مورد افزایش رشد گیاهانی که در معرض نانومواد و کاربرد خارجی آنها قرار گرفته­اند وجود دارد. هدف از انجام این آزمایش بررسی احتمالی افزایش جذب نور و در نتیجه افزایش عملکرد گیاه سورگوم توسط نانوذرات تیتانیم حساس شده به رنگ می­باشد که بدین منظور جهت بررسی اثر نانوذرات دی­اکسید تیتانیم معمولی در مقایسه با نانوذرات دی­اکسید تیتانیم حساس به رنگ بر برخی خصوصیات گیاه سورگوم، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 12 تیمار شامل شش غلظت نانوذرات تیتانیم دی­اکسید (0، 1، 10، 50، 100 و 500 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) و شش غلظت نانوذرات تیتانیم دی­اکسید حساس شده به رنگ (0، 1، 10،  50، 100 و 500 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. خصوصیات مورد نظر عبارتند از: وزن تر گیاه، وزن خشک گیاه، عناصر غذایی شامل: فسفر، پتاسیم، منگنز و روی، فعالیت آنزیم­های آسکوربات پراکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز و مقدار کلروفیل a مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. طبق نتایج بدست آمده وزن خشک، فعالیت آنزیمی گایاکول پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز به­ترتیب در غلظت­های 10، 100 و 500 میلی­گرم بر لیتر نانوذرات حساس شده به رنگ 25/1، 7/2 و 28/3 برابر و میزان عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم، منگنز و روی، به‌ترتیب در غلظت­های 10، 100، 500 و 50 میلی­گرم بر لیتر نانوذرات حساس شده به رنگ 34/72، 85/42، 95/73 و 17/28 درصد افزایش معنی­دار نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند و دارای بالاترین عملکرد بودند، به استثنای دو خصوصیت وزن تر و کلروفیل a که کلروفیل a در غلظت 500 میلی­گرم بر لیتر هر دو نانوذره از نظر آماری بالاترین مقدار را نشان داد، اما وزن تر برخلاف دیگر خصوصیت­ها با اعمال نانوذرات معمولی بهترین عملکرد را نشان داد. به نظر می­رسد که این نانوذرات بر اثر رنگ­دار شدن، واکنش­های مرتبط با نور و جذب عناصر را نسبت به نانوذرات معمولی شدت می­دهند و در نتیجه عملکرد بهتری حاصل می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنزیم؛ حساس به رنگ؛ سورگوم؛ عناصر غذایی؛ کلروفیل

مراجع

1- Alcaraz C.F., Carvajal M., Frutos M.J., Gimrnez J.L., Martfnez-Sfinchez F., and Pastor J.J. 1994. The physiological role of titanium in Capsicum annuum L. plants. Proceedings of the 6th International Trace Element Symposium, Abstract. 2. Budapest.

2- Arnon A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal 23: 112-121.

3- Baruah S., and Dutta J. 2009. Nanotechnology applications in Sensing and Pollution Degradation in Agriculture. Environmental Chemistry Letters 7: 191-204.

4- Carvajal M., and Alcaraz C.F. 1995. Effect of Ti (IV) on Fe activity in Capsicum annuum. Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0031-9422/95 $9.50+0.00.

5- Carvajal M., and Alcaraz C.F. 1998. Why titanium is a beneficial element for plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 21(4): 655-664.

6- Carvajal M., Martfnez-Sfinchez F., and Alcaraz CF. 1994. Effect of Titanium (IV) application on some enzymatic activities in several developing stages of red pepper plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 17: 243-253.

7- Elghniji K., Sabrine S., Ben Mosbah M., Elimame E., and Moussaoui Y. 2014. Detoxification of 4-chlorophenol in TiO2 sunlight system: effect of raw and treated solution on seed germination and plants growth of various sensitive vegetables. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 96: 869-879.

8- Feher M., Papp K., Fodor P., and Pais I. 1987. The effect of titanium on the uptake of other nutritive elements. p. 69-100. In I. Pals (ed.) New Results in the Research of Hardly Known Trace Elements and the Analytical Problem of Trace Element Research. University of Horticulture, Budapest.

9- Gao F., Hong F., Liu C., Zheng L., Su M., Wu X et al. 2006. Mechanism of nano-anatase TiO2 on promoting photosynthetic carbon reaction of spinach. Biological Trace Element Research 111: 239-253.

10- Gee G.W., and Bauder J.W. 1986. Particle-size analysis. p. 383-411. In A. Klute (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part I. Agron. Monogr. 9. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

11- Haghighi M., and Daneshmand B. 2013. Comparing the effects of titanium and nano-titanium on growth and photosynthetic changes of tomato in hydroponic culture. Journal of Greenhouse Culture Science and Technology 4(1): 73-80. (In Persian with English abstract)

12- Hashemi Dehkourdi E., Mousavi M., Moallemi N., and Ghafariyan Moghareb M.H. 2016. Effect of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (anatase) on physiological characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa c.v.Queen Elisa) in hydroponic condition. Process and Plant Function 5(16): 1-8. (In Persian with English abstract)

13- Helmke P.A., and Sparks D.L. 1996. Lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, and rubidium. P. 551-574. In D.L. Sparks (Ed.) Methods of soil analysis: Part 3. Chemical methods and processes. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

14- Hong F.S., Zhou J., Liu C et al. 2005. Effect of nano-TiO2 on photochemical reaction of chloroplasts of spinach. Biological Trace Element Research 105: 269–280.

15- Jaberzadeh A., Moaveni P., Moghadam H.R.T., and Zahedi H. 2013. Influence of bulk and nanoparticles titanium foliar application on some agronomic traits, seed gluten and starch contents of wheat subjected to water deficit stress. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici 41: 201–207.

16- Jakson M.L. 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice- Hall of India Private Limited. New Dehli.

17- Janmohammadi M., Amanzadeh T., Sabaghnia N., and Dashti Sh. 2016. Impact of foliar application of nano micronutrient fertilizers and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the growth and yield components of barley under supplemental irrigation. Acta agriculturae Slovenica 107: 265-276.

18- Jones J.R., Wolf J.B., and Mills H.A. 1991. Plant Analysis Handbook: A Practical Sampling Preparation Analysis and Interpretation Guide. Micro Macro Publishing Inc. Athens, Georgia, USA.

19- Kahila M.M.H., Najy A.M., Rahaie M., and Mir-Derikvand M. 2017. Effect of nanoparticle treatment on expression of a key gene involved in thymoquinone biosynthetic pathway in Nigella sativa L. Natural Product Research 1-5.

20- Kuzel S., Hruby M., Cigler P., Tlustos P., and Van P.N. 2003. Mechanism of physiological effects of titanium leaf sprays on plants grown on soil. Biological Trace Element Research 91(2): 179-190.

21- Lindsay W.L., and Norvell W.A. 1978. Development of DTPA Soil test for Zinc, Iron, Mangnese and Copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42: 421-428.

22- Lu C.M., Zhang C.Y., Wen J.Q., Wu G.R., and Tao M.X. 2002. Research on the effect of nanometer materials on germination and growth enhancement of Glycine max and its mechanism. Soybean Science 21: 68-172.

23- Mahmoodzadeh H., Nabavi M., and Kashefi H. 2013. Effect of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles on the germination and growth of canola (Brassica napus). Journal of Ornamental Horticultural Plants 3: 25-32.

24- Mano J.I., Endo T., and Miyake C. 2016. How do photosynthetic organisms manage light stress? A tribute to the late Professor Kozi Asada. Plant and Cell Physiology 57(7): 1351-1353.

25- Martfnez-S~chez E., Gim6nez J.L., Carvajal M., Moreno A., Fuentes J.L., and Alcaraz C.F. 1992. Efectos de tratamientos foliates con Ti(IV) sobre nutrici6n, producci6ny calidad de fruto en plantas de Capsicum annuum L. Sueloy Planta 2: 101-111.

26- Mclean E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. p. 199–224. In P. Al., M. Rh., and K. Dr. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy Monograph. 9. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

27- Mir H., Gholamalizade Ahangar A., and Mir N. 2016. Superior performance of dye-sensitized versus conventional TiO2 nanoparticles for promoting germination and early growth of Barley: From photovoltaic to biotechnological application. Journal of Nano Research 35: 77-91.

28- Morteza E., Moaveni P., Aliabadi Farahaniand H., and Kiyani M. 2013. Study of photosynthetic pigments changes of maize (Zea mays L.) under nano TiO2 spraying at various growth stages. Springer Plus 2: 247.

29- Movafeghi A., Khataee A.R., Abedi M., Tarrahi R., Dadpour M.R., and Vafaei F. 2018. Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza: Evaluation of growth parameters, pigment contents and antioxidant enzyme activities. Journal of Environmental Sciences 64: 130-138.

30- Nair R., Varghese S.H., Nair B.G., Maekawa T., Yoshida Y., and Kumar D.S. 2010. Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants. Plant Science 179: 154-163.

31- Narula C., Kaur I., and Kaur N. 2015. Characterization and optoelectronics investigations of mixed donor ligand directed semiconductor ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 26(2): 791-800.

32- Nelson D.W., and Sommers L.E. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. p. 961-1010. In A.L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.

33- Owolade O.F., Ogunleti D.O., and Adenekan M.O. 2008. Titanium dioxide affects diseases, development and yield of edible cowpea. Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry 7(5): 2942-2947.

34- Pais I. 1983. The biological important of titanium. Journal of Plant Nutrition 6: 3-131.

35- Pais I. 1991. Criteria of essentiality, beneficiality and toxicity. What is too little and too much? pp. 59-77. In I. Pais (ed.) Cycling of the Nutritive Elementin Geo-and Biosphere. University of Horticultural and Food Science, Budapest, Hungary.

36- Ram N., Verloo M., and Cottenie A. 1983. Response of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to foliar spray of titanium. Plant Soil 73: 285-290.

37- Rhoades J.D. 1982. Soluble salts. P. 167-178. In P. Al., M. Rh., and K. Dr. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy Monograph. 9. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

38- Sawhney A.P.S., and Condon B. 2008. Modern Applications of Nanotechnology in Textiles. Textile Research Journal 78: 731-739.

39- Simon L., Hajdu F., Balogh A., and Pais I. 1988. Effect of titanium on growth and photosynthetic pigment composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (green alga). II. Effect of titanium ascorbate on pigment content and chlorophyll metabolism of chlorella. p. 87-101. In I. Pais. (Ed.) New Results in the Research of Hardly Known Trace Elements and Their Role in the Food Chain. University of Horticultural and Food Science, Budapest, Hungary.

40- Syu Y.Y., Hung J.H., Chen J.C., and Chuang H.W. 2014. Impacts of size and shape of silver nanoparticles on Arabidopsis plant growth and gene expression. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 83: 57-64.

41- Tarantilis P.A., Tsoupras G., and Polissiou M. 1995. Determination of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) components in crude plant extract using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV-visible photodiode-array detection-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 699: 107-118

42- Waling I., Van W., Vark V.J.G., and Vander Lee. 1989. Soil and Plant Analysis, a Series of Sylladi. Part 7. Plant Analysis Procedures. Wageningen Agriculture University.

43- Yang F., Hong F.S., and You W.J. 2006. Influences of nano-anatase TiO2 on the nitrogen metabolism of growing spinach. Biological Trace Element Research 110: 179-190.

44- Zheng L., Hong F.S., Lu S.P., and Liu C. 2005. Effect of nano-TiO2 on strength of naturally aged seeds and growth of spinach. Biological Trace Element Research 104(1): 83-91.