توان‌سنجی کشت درخت انگور در ایران براساس شرایط اقلیمی

آب و خاک

مقاله 11، دوره 33، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 68، بهمن 1398، صفحه 923-942   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i6.74900

نویسندگان

طیبه شجاعی¹؛ غلامعباس فلاح قالهری^{* 1}؛ عبدالرضا کاشکی²

¹دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

².

چکیده

با توجه به کمبود منابع آبی در کشور و دگرگونی اقلیمی، شناخت نواحی مستعد کشت درختان میوه براساس شرایط اقلیمی به منظور استفاده بهینه حائز اهمیت است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف توان‌سنجی شرایط اقلیمی ایران برای کشت درخت انگور کشمشی براساس تکنیک­های چند معیاره و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی بررسی شده است. در این راستا از آمار 200 ایستگاه هواشناسی عمده در سطح کشور در مقیاس­های زمانی ساعتی، روزانه و ماهانه برای تعیین لایه­های اطلاعاتی زیر معیارهای اقلیمی استفاده شد. آستانه­های رشد و نمو درخت انگور براساس مطالعات کتابخانه­ای مشخص شد. برای تعیین انباشت سرمایی مناطق مختلف کشور از مدل ساعات سرمایی CH استفاده شد. در ادامه با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی، معیارها و زیرمعیارهای اقلیمی لازم تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که انباشت سرمایی دوره رکود که نیاز سرمایی را برطرف می­کند، مهم­ترین زیر معیار اقلیمی برای سنجش قابلیت­های کشت درخت انگور محسوب می­شود. همچنین در ایران 42195637.8 هکتار دارای قابلیت نامناسب و 42721336.2 دارای قابلیت ضعیف و 75492510 هکتار از قابلیت مناسب برای کشت انگور در گستره ایران برخوردار می­باشد. مناطق مناسب کشت درخت انگور منطبق بر دامنه‌های مناطق کوهستانی و نسبتاً مرتفع در نیمه غربی، شمال غرب، شمال شرق و مناطق پراکنده مرکز، شرق و جنوب شرق قرار دارد. محدوده مناسب کشت درختان انگور 42 درصد از سطح مساحت کشور را شامل می­شود. نتایج و دستاوردهای مطالعه حاضر به عنوان الگویی برای کشت درختان خزان کننده سردسیر بر مبنای توان اقلیمی و جغرافیایی در جهت استفاده بهینه از منابع طبیعی حائز اهمیت می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ایران؛ توان سنجی؛ درخت انگور؛ شرایط اقلیمی

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