بررسی کمبود آب با درنظرگرفتن همزمان کمیت و کیفیت آب و جریان زیست‌محیطی زرینه‌رود

آب و خاک

مقاله 4، دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 71، مرداد 1399، صفحه 565-577   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i3.82187

نویسندگان

بهجت سرچشمه^* ؛ جواد بهمنش؛ وحید رضا وردی نژاد

دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

آب نقشی مهم برای رفاه انسانها و محیط­زیست دارد. مردم برای مصارف کشاورزی، صنعتی و خانگی از آب رودخانه استفاده می­کنند. علاوه بر این، برآورده شدن نیاز زیست­محیطی اکوسیستم رودخانه بسیار مهم خواهد بود. کمبود آب یک محدودیت اصلی و جدی برای توسعه اقتصادی-اجتماعی در کشورهای در حال توسعه و یک خطر برای معیشت مردم در نقاط مختلفی از جهان شده است. در سال­های اخیر دریاچه ارومیه که در شمال غرب ایران واقع شده است با کمبود جدی آب مواجه شده­است. زرینه­رود یکی از مهم­ترین رودخانه­هایی است که آب دریاچه را تامین می­کند. در این مطالعه براساس داده­های ماهانه کمیت آب از سال 1365تا 1395 ایستگاه نظام­آباد رودخانه زرینه­رود، نیاز ­جریان زیست­محیطی با روش تنانت محاسبه شد. همچنین داده­های کیفی و کمی آب و نیاز­ جریان زیست­محیطی برای ارزیابی کمبود آب به وسیله شاخص SQQE مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که متوسط نیاز جریان زیست­محیطی برابر 106× 400 مترمکعب­درسال و برابر با % 11/33 متوسط جریان سالانه جهت مدیریت اکولوژیکی و حفظ اکوسیستم رودخانه در سطح خوب می­باشد. شاخص‌های کمی و کیفی به ترتیب 02/1 و 08/1 محاسبه شدند. محاسبات نشان می­دهند، شاخص کمی، همان شاخص اسمختین، می­باشد. این مقادیر نشان می­دهند که هر دو شاخص کمی و کیفی بالای حد 1 هستند و در نتیجه این ایستگاه در حال تحمل کمبود آب مربوط به کمیت و کیفیت برای مقدار معین نیاز جریان زیست­محیطی می­باشد. بنابراین چاره­اندیشی مدیریتی مناسب، ضروری به نظر می­رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ردپای آب؛ زرینه رود؛ کمبود آب؛ کیفیت آب؛ نیاز جریان زیست‌محیطی

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