بررسی مزیت نسبی کشت مخلوط افزایشی کدوی تخم کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo L.) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 50، دی 1400، صفحه 631-652   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2020.20316.0

نویسندگان

محسن معصومی؛ روح اله مرادی^* ؛ نسیبه پورقاسمیان؛ مهدی نقی زاده

گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

به‏منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و الگوی کاشت بر کمیت و کیفیت عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب (WUE) دو گیاه کدو تخم کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo L.) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L)، آزمایشی به‏صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال 1398 اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی آزمایش شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری (90، 60 و 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و فاکتور فرعی شامل الگوی کاشت (کشت خالص کدو تخم کاغذی، کشت خالص آفتابگردان، کشت مخلوط سری افزایشی 100% کدو + 50% آفتابگردان درون جوی و کشت مخلوط افزایشی 100% کدو + 50% آفتابگردان روی پشته‏ها) بود. نتایج نشان داد که در کلیه الگوهای کشت، با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد و درصد روغن دانه‏ دو گیاه به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. در تمام سطوح آبیاری، الگوی کشت مخلوط افزایشی 100% کدو + 50% آفتابگردان درون جوی بالاترین میزان تعداد میوه در بوته، وزن تک میوه، عملکرد میوه، دانه و روغن کدو را دارا بود. برتری عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کدو در الگوی کشت یاد شده نسبت به کشت خالص کدو با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی بیشتر مشهود بود. بیشترین قطر طبق (33 سانتی‏متر) و تعداد دانه در طبق (1640) آفتابگردان نیز مربوط به تیمار 100% کدو + 50% آفتابگردان درون جوی با آبیاری بر اساس 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بود. در تمام سطوح آبیاری، عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان در کشت خالص به‌دلیل دارا بودن تراکم بوته بالاتر به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از هر دو کشت مخلوط بود. بیشترین محتوی پرولین کدو (μmol.g^-1 FW 52/1) و آفتابگردان (μmol.g^-1 FW 63/2) در کشت خالص آن‌ها در شرایط تنش شدید به‌دست آمد. در تمام سطوح آبیاری و هر دو الگوی کشت مخلوط، نسبت برابری زمین (LER) بالاتر از یک بود. در بین الگوهای کشت مخلوط، بیشترین WUE (64/0 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) در الگوی کشت 100% کدو + 50% آفتابگردان درون جوی با آبیاری براساس 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی مشاهده شد. بنابراین، به نظر می‏رسد کشت مخلوط افزایشی آفتابگردان باعث سایه‏اندازی بر کدو تخم کاغذی شده و از این طریق تبخیر و تعرق را کاهش می‏دهد، می‏تواند در فرار گیاه از تنش خشکی مفید بوده و قابل ‏توصیه به کشاورزان باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ روغن؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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