تأثـیر کودهای آلی بر ترکیب و عملکرد اسانس در کشت پایدار گیاه دارویی زوفا (Hyssopus officinalis L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 51، فروردین 1401، صفحه 53-68   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20242.0

نویسندگان

محمد تقی درزی^{* 1}؛ بیژن صادقی نکو²؛ محمد رضا حاج سید هادی²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کمپوست، ورمی­کمپوست و باکتری­های تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن بر ترکیب اسانس در کشت پایدار گیاه دارویی زوفا، آزمایشی در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شرکت کشاورزی ران در شهرستان فیروزکوه در سال 1391 انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 20 تن کمپوست در هکتار، 12 تن ورمی­کمپوست در هکتار، کود زیستی (تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر و آزوسپیریلوم)، 10 تن کمپوست + 6 تن ورمی­کمپوست در هکتار، 20 تن کمپوست در هکتار + کود زیستی، 12 تن ورمی­کمپوست در هکتار + کود زیستی، 10 تن کمپوست + 6 تن ورمی­کمپوست + کود زیستی و شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) بودند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد اندام رویشی و درصد، عملکرد و ترکیبات اسانس بودند. استخراج اسانس توسط روش تقطیر با آب و به‌کمک دستگاه کلونجر انجام شد و ترکیبات اسانس به‌وسیله گاز کروماتوگرافی و گاز کروماتوگرافی با طیف‌سنج جرمی تعیین شدند. تجزیه واریانس توسط نرم‌افزار SAS و مقایسه میانگین­ها به‌وسیله آزمون حداقل اختلاف معنی­دار (LSD) در سطح احتمال پنج درصد انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد اندام­های رویشی (6/2601 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد اسانس (200/0 درصد) و عملکرد اسانس (21/5 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در مصرف تلفیقی 12 تن ورمی­کمپوست و کود زیستی (2 لیتر در هکتار) به‌دست آمد. بیشترین درصد سیس­پینوکامفون (56/63%) و درصد بتافلاندرن (71/9%) و کمترین درصد ترانس­پینوکامفون (50/2%) در اسانس در مصرف تلفیقی 10 تن کمپوست، 6 تن ورمی­کمپوست و کود زیستی و بیشترین درصد والریانول (36/5%) و درصد فیتول (19/2%) در اسانس در کاربرد 20 تن کمپوست حاصل گردید. در مجموع بیشترین کمیت اسانس با کاربرد تلفیقی 12 تن ورمی­کمپوست و کود زیستی و بیشترین کیفیت اسانس با مصرف تلفیقی 10 تن کمپوست، 6 تن ورمی­کمپوست و کود زیستی حاصل شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سیس‌پینوکامفون؛ کمپوست؛ کود زیستی؛ ورمی‌کمپوست

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