اثرات اصلاح کاربری اراضی بر رفتار هیدرولوژیکی حوزه آبخیز چهل‌چای استان گلستان

آب و خاک

مقاله 3، دوره 35، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 76، خرداد و تیر 1400، صفحه 179-188   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2021.15022.0

نویسندگان

رضا چمنی؛ محمود آذری^*

گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

رشد سریع جمعیت و نیازهای فزاینده بشر به منابع مختلف سبب استفاده بیش از حد از اراضی، تغییر کاربری­ها و تبدیل آن‌ها به اراضی کم بازده، باعث تغییر در وضعیت هیدرولوژی حوضه­های آبخیز شده است. در دهه­های اخیر استفاده از اراضی بر حسب قابلیت یکی از ره‌یافت­های مناسب جهت تعدیل و بهبود عملکرد هیدرولوژیکی آبخیزها شناخته شده است اما اثرات هیدرلوژیکی این تغییرات در حوضه­های مختلف با تنوع کاربری و شرایط هنوز به درستی شناخته نشده است. از این رو این پژوهش به دنبال بررسی اثر اصلاح کاربری اراضی بر وضعیت هیدرولوژی حوضه آبخیز چهل­چای در استان گلستان می­باشد. به ‌این منظور از مدل هیدرولوژی J2000 برای شبیه­سازی هیدرولوژی حوضه استفاده شد. در این راستا مدل با استفاده از داده های هیدرومتری ایستگاه خروجی حوضه برای دوره 2002 تا 2014 واسنجی و اعتبار سنجی شد. در مرحله بعد با داده­های اقلیمی دوره زمانی 2014-1992 اثر اصلاح کاربری حوضه در اجزاء هیدرولوژی حوضه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد استفاده از اراضی متناسب با قابلیتشان باعث کاهش رواناب سطحی به میزان 99/12٪، رواناب زیر سطحی به میزان 25/5٪ و افزایش 75/1 درصدی نفوذ آب در خاک گردیده است. با کاهش رواناب سطحی و افزایش آب­های زیرزمینی، میزان تخلیه حوضه در خروجی 22/4٪ کاهش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حوضه آبخیز چهل‌چای؛ قابلیت اراضی؛ گلستان؛ مدل هیدرولوژیکی J2000؛ هیدرولوژی

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