اثر سطوح کمپوست قارچ خوراکی (Agaricus bisporus Imbach.) بر رشد، عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب گیاه ماش (Vigna radiata L.) در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله تشکیل غلاف

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، تیر 1401، صفحه 235-249   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20272.0

نویسندگان

یاسر اسماعیلیان¹؛ محمد بهزاد امیری^{* 2}

¹دانشکده کشاورزی مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد،گناباد، ایران.

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.

چکیده

به‎منظور بررسی اثر سطوح کود کمپوست قارچ (Agaricus bisporus Imbach.) خوراکی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه ماش (Vigna radiata L.) در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله تشکیل غلاف، پژوهشی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد به­صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل دو سطح آبیاری (آبیاری کامل (300 مترمکعب آب در هر نوبت آبیاری) و قطع آبیاری در مرحله تشکیل غلاف) به‎عنوان عامل اصلی و پنج سطح کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ خوراکی (صفر (شاهد)، 20، 40، 60 و 80 تن در هکتار) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله تشکیل غلاف بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1660 کیلوگرم در هکتار) متعلق به تیمار 60 تن در هکتار کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ خوراکی بود و تیمار 40 تن در هکتار کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ خوراکی نیز در کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی مؤثر بود. در شرایط آبیاری کامل، بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک به‎ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای 80 (7377 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و 60 تن در هکتار (6132 کیلوگرم در هکتار) کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ خوراکی بود. اعمال تنش خشکی و عدم استفاده از کود آلی، افت شدید و 46 درصدی عملکرد بیولوژیک را در پی داشت. کاربرد 40، 60 و 80 تن در هکتار کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ خوراکی در شرایط تنش کم‎آبی، کارآیی مصرف آب را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد و در این شرایط، بیشترین کارآیی مصرف آب در تیمار 60 تن در هکتار کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ خوراکی مشاهده شد. انجام آبیاری کمتر، بهبود کارآیی مصرف آب را در پی داشت، به‎طوری‎که هر یک از سطوح کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ در شرایط آبیاری کامل تفاوت معنی‎داری با سطح مشابه در شرایط تنش خشکی نداشتند. به‎طور کلی، با توجه به یافته‎های این پژوهش، به ‎نظر می‎رسد با کاربرد مقادیر بهینه کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ خوراکی به‎عنوان یک نهاده بوم‎سازگار در شرایط تنش خشکی بتوان خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد گیاه ماش را بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حبوبات؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ کم‎آبیاری؛ کود آلی؛ مقدار بهینه؛ نهاده بوم‎سازگار

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