ارزیابی کارآیی کودهای دامی در تولید گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 53، مهر 1401، صفحه 449-466   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.68631.1019

نویسندگان

عسکر قنبری عدیوی¹؛ سینا فلاح^{* 1}؛ زهرا لری گوئینی²؛ مجتبی کریمی¹

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران.

²پژوهشکده علوم پایه سلامت، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

چکیده

اگرچه کارایی کودهای دامی چندین فصل زراعی تداوم دارد، ولی کارایی سال اول اهمیت بیشتری دارد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی کارایی منبع و مقدار کود دامی در تولید گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis L.) به‌صورت اسپیلت پلات در زمان در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1397 و 1398 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح کود مرغی (100، 143 و 250 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار ؛ PM₁₀₀، PM₁₄₃، PM₂₅₀)، سطوح کود گوسفندی (100، 143 و 250 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار؛ SM₁₀₀، SM₁₄₃، SM₂₅₀)، سطوح کود گاوی (100، 143 و 250 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار؛ CM₁₀₀، CM₁₄₃، CM₂₅₀) و کود شیمیایی (CF) و عدم مصرف کود (C) بودند که در دو چین مقایسه شدند. زیست‌توده گیاهی PM₂₅₀، SM₁₄₃ و SM₂₅₀ در چین اول برتری معنی‎داری در مقایسه با CF داشت، ولی در چین دوم اختلاف معنی‎داری بین تیمارهای کود دامی و شیمیایی مشاهده نشد. در چین اول عملکرد اسانس سطوح متوسط و بالای کودهای مرغی و گوسفندی و سطح بالای کود گاوی بیشتر از CF بود، ولی در چین دوم فقط سطح بالای کود مرغی برتری معنی‎داری در مقایسه با CF داشت. کارایی مصرف کود در تولید زیست‌توده همه تیمارهای کودی به‌استثنای SM₁₄₃ مشابه بود، ولی برای تولید اسانس SM₁₄₃ و PM₁₄₃ به‌ترتیب دارای بیشترین کارایی بودند. به‌کارگیری مقدار متوسط کود گوسفندی به‌دلیل برتری کارایی آن در مقایسه دیگر تیمارهای کودی اثربخشی بیشتری در اکوسیستم زراعی دارد، ولی چنانچه هدف تولید اسانس باشد، سطح بالای کود مرغی بر سطح متوسط کود گوسفندی اولویت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ زیست‌توده گیاهی؛ کارایی مصرف کود؛ کود آلی

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