ارزیابی برخی پارامترهای بیوشیمایی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) در واکنش به ورمیکمپوست و سولفات مس

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 5، دوره 36، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 54، شهریور 1401، صفحه 389-400   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.69217.1029

نویسندگان

محمد حسین امینی فرد^{* 1}؛ محبوبه عسگریان²؛ مهدی جهانی³؛ مهدی خیاط¹

¹گروه آموزشی علوم باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

²گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

³گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

ورمی کمپوست یکی از روش­های مناسب تبدیل مواد زاید آلی به کودهای آلی می باشد و استفاده از آن باعث بهبود شرایط فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک می‌شود.  همچنین مس یک عنصر ریزمغذی گیاه است، به گونه‌ای که کمبود آن، متابولیسم گیاه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. به منظور بررسی تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست و سولفات مس بر صفات بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی ریحان، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل ورمی‌کمپوست در سه سطح (صفر، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) و سولفات مس در سه سطح (صفر، 3 و 6 در هزار) با سه تکرار بودند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که ورمی‌کمپوست اثر معنی‏داری بر میزان کلروفیل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، آنتوسیانین، فلاونوئید، قند و عملکرد بیولوژیک ریحان داشت، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان فلاونوئید (26/3 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) با کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست و کمترین میزان آن (65/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) از شاهد بدست آمد. تیمار 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست، 05/37 درصد نسبت به شاهد،  قند گیاه را افزایش داد. سولفات مس نیز بر میزان کلروفیل a و کل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، فنول، محتوی آنتوسیانین، قند و عملکرد بیولوژیک تأثیرگذار بود، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان فعالیت فنول و قند (به‌ترتیب 29/15 و 99/12 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) از تیمار 3 در هزار سولفات مس و کمترین میزان آن‌ها (به‌ترتیب 98/10 و 19/9 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) از شاهد بدست آمد. نتایج اثرات متقابل نیز نشان داد، بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (62/1 میلی‌گرم برگرم)، کلروفیل  b (57/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم)، کلروفیل کل (19/4 میلی‌گرم بر گرم)، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (57/92 درصد) و آنتوسیانین (03/3 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) با کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست و سولفات مس 3 در هزار بدست آمد. علاوه‌ بر این بیشترین افزایش در عملکرد بیولوژیک (3/20968 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد تیمار پنج تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست همراه با سولفات مس شش در هزار و کمترین آن (7/16596 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به شاهد بود.  با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، می‌توان تیمار10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست و سولفات مس 3 در هزار را بعنوان تیمار برتر برای بهبود برخی صفات بیوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی  گیاه ریحان توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتوسیانین؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ فلاونوئید؛ قند؛ کلروفیل

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