تأثیر محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم بر بوته‌های خیار رقم ‘Miran’ تحت تنش خشکی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 2، دوره 36، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 55، آذر 1401، صفحه 563-576   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.67249.0

نویسندگان

محیا ساجدی مهر^* ؛ مریم حقیقی؛ منیره محنت کش

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

تنش خشکی ناشی از افزایش پتانسیل اسمزی خاک به ویژه در گلخانه­ها که مصرف کود زیاد است یکی از مشکلات کشت­های گلخانه­ای محسوب می­شود. در پژوهش حاضر آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه غلظت پلی‌اتیلن­گلایکول (صفر، 48/1- و 91/4- (دسی­زیمنس بر متر) و استفاده (6 میلی­مولار) و عدم استفاده از کلریدپتاسیم جهت کاهش احتمالی اثر خشکی بر روی گیاه خیار انجام شد. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل وزن خشک، وزن‌ تر، محتوی کلروفیل، کلروفیل‌فلورسانس، فلاونوئید، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، فنول، پروتئین کل، اسید‌آبسیزیک‌، سوپراکسید و آسکوربات پراکسیداز، آنتی‌اکسیدان و کاتالاز بودند. نتایج بدست آمده، نشان داد که اثر محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم در تمام صفات به غیر از میزان کلروفیل‌فلورسانس و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز معنی‌دار p≤0.01)) بود. با توجه به نتایج به ‌دست ‌آمده عدم استفاده از کلرید‌پتاسیم موجب افزایش میزان آنتی‌اکسیدان و کاتالاز گردید اما کاربرد کلریدپتاسیم روی اکثر پارامترهای اندازه‌گیری شده ازجمله میزان وزن خشک، وزن تر، کلروفیل، فلاونوئید، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، فنول، پروتئین کل، اسید­آبسیزیک، سوپراکسید­دیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز تأثیر مثبت نشان داد. در غلظت 91/4- دسی­زیمنس بر متر با افزودن کلریدپتاسیم بیشترین میزان فنول و پروتئین مشاهده شد. همچنین محتوای اسید‌آبسیزیک در تمام تیمارها با افزودن کلریدپتاسیم افزایش یافت و بیشترین میزان در غلظت 91/4- دسی­زیمنس بر متر مشاهده شد. از این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت کاربرد کلریدپتاسیم می‌تواند آثار سوء تنش خشکی را به میزان قابل توجهی، در شرایط مشابه بر روی خیارکاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتی‌اکسیدانی؛ اسیدآبسیزیک؛ پلی‌اتیلن‌گلایکول؛ فشار اسمزی

مراجع

1. Ahmad, Z., Anjum, S., Waraich, E.A., Ayub, M.A., Ahmad, T., Tariq, R.M.S., Ahmad, R., & Iqbal, M.A. (2018). Growth, physiology, and biochemical activities of plant responses with foliar potassium application under drought stress–a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition 41(13): 1734-1743. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2018.1459688.
2. Anjum, S.A., Xie, X.Y., Wang, L.C., Saleem, M.F., Man, C., & Lei, W. (2011). Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(9): 2026-2032. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR10.027.
3. Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24: 1-15.
4. Askari, E., & Ehsanzadeh, P. (2015). Drought stress mitigation by foliar application of salicylic acid and their interactive effects on physiological characteristics of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ) genotypes. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37-4(2): 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1762-y.
5. Barker, A.V., & Pilbeam, D.J. (2007). Handbook of plant nutrition. CRS Press, Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton.
6. Bates, L.S., Waldren R.P., & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39(1): 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060.
7. Bilger, W., & Björkman, O. (1994). Relationships among violaxanthin deepoxidation, thylakoid membrane onformation, and nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum ). Planta 193(2): 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192536.
8. Bahrami-Rad, S., & Hajiboland, R. (2017). Effect of potassium application in drought-stressed tobacco (Nicotiana rustica ) plants. Comparison of root with foliar application. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 62(2): 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2017.08.001.
9. Boscaiu, M., Sánchez, M., Bautista, I., Donat, P., Lidón, A., Llinares, J., Llul C., Mayoral, O., & Vicentem O. (2010). Phenolic compounds as stress markers in plants from gypsum habitats. Horticulture 67(1): 44-49.
10. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72(1-2): 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.
11. Daneshian, J., Hrvan, A. M., & Jonoubi, P. (2002). The effect of drought stress and different amounts of potassium on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean. Journal of Agriculture Science 8(1): 95-108.
12. Dehqanzadeh, H., Khajehpour, M.R., Heidari Sharif Abad, H., & Soleimani, A.S. (2008). Effect of limited irrigation on the accumulation of proline, free soluble sugars and potassium in bread wheat cultivars. In 10^th Iranian Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences.
13. Demiral, & Turkan, I. (2005). Comparative peroxidation, antioxidant defense systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Btany 53: 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.03.017
14. Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D.B., & Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_12.
15. Guo, Z., Ou, W., Lu, S., & Zhong, Q. (2006). Differential responses of Antioxidative system to chilling and drought in four rice cultivars differing in sensitivity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 44: 828-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.10.024.
16. HarmantoM., Salokhe M.S., and Babel H.J. (2005). Water requirement of drip irrigated tomatoes grown in greenhouse in tropical environment. Agricultural Water Management 71: 225-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.003.
17. Hamada, A.M., & EL-enany, A.E. (1994). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biologia Plantarum 36: 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02921273.
18. Hasandokht, M. (2005). (Greenhouse Management) Greenhouse production technology. Knowledge Boundary Publications. Tehran. (In Persian)
19. Hassani, A., Omid Beigi, R., & Heidari Sharifabad, H. (2003). The effect of different levels of soil moisture on growth, yield and accumulation compatibility metabolites in basil. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences 17(2): 210-219.
20. Hura, T., Grzesiak, S., Hura, K., Thiemt, E., Tokarz, K., & Wędzony, M. (2007). Physiological and biochemical tools useful in drought-tolerance detection in genotypes of winter triticale: accumulation of ferulic acid correlates with drought tolerance. Annals of Botany 100(4): 767-775. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm162.
21. Jaleel, C.A., Paramasivam, A., Wahid, M. Farooq, H.J., Al-Juburi, F., & Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Drought stress in plants: A review on morphological characteristics and pigment compositions. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 11: 100–105. https://doi.org/ 08–305/IGC-DYT/2009/11–1–100–105.
22. Kaya, C., Kirnak, H., & Higgs, D. (2001). Effects of supplementary potassium and phosphorus on physiological development and mineral nutrition of cucumber and pepper cultivars grown at high salinity (NaCl). Journal of Plant Nutrition 24(9): 1457-1471. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-100106995.
23. Khosravi-Far, S., Yarnia, M., Khorshidi Benam, M.B., & Hossein-Zade Moghbeli, A.H. (2008). Effect of potassium on drought tolerance in potato variety Agria. In: Proc 10^th Agron and Plants Breed Cong, 358p. (In Persian)
24. Lata, C., Jha, S., Dixit, V., Sreenivasulu, N., & Prasad, M. (2011). Differential antioxidative responses to dehydration-induced oxidative stress in core set of foxtail millet cultivars (Setaria italica ). Protoplasma 248(4): 817-828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-010-0257-y.
25. Lin, K.H., Chao, P.Y., Yang, C.M., Cheng, W.C., Lo, H.F., & Chang, T.R. (2006). The effects of flooding and drought stresses on the antioxidant constituents in sweet potato leaves. Botanical Studies 47(4): 417-426.
26. Mao, X., Liu, M., Wang, X., Liu, C., Hou, Z., & Shi, J. (2003). Effects of deficit irrigation on yield and water use of greenhouse grown cucumber in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management 61: 219-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(03)00022-2.
27. McAdam, S.A., & Brodribb, T.J. (2016). Linking turgor with ABA biosynthesis: implications for stomatal responses to vapor pressure deficit across land plants. Plant Physiology 171(3): 2008-2016. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00380.
28. Mohammadi, A., & Omid, M. (2010). Economical analysis and relation between energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber production in Iran. Applied Energy 87(1): 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.07.021.
29. Moradi, F., & Abdelbdghi, M.I. (2007). Responses of photosynthesis, cholorophyll fluorescence and ROS-scavenging systems to salt stress during seedling and reproductive stages in rice. Annals of Botany 99: 1161-1173. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm052.
30. Moran, J.F., Becana, M., Ormaetxe, I.I., Frechilla, S.L., Klucasc, R.V., & Tejo, D.A. (1994). Drought induces oxidative stress in pea plants. Planta 194: 346-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197534.
31. Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., Modarres Sanavi, A.M., Soroush-Zade, A., & Jalali, M. (2004). Changes of proline, total soluble sugars, chlorophyll (SPAD) content and chlorophyll fluorescence in safflower varieties under drought stress and foliar application of zinc and maganese. Biaban 9(1): 93-110.
32. Nakano, Y., & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiology 22: 867-880. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076232.
33. Pennycooke, J.C., Cox, S., & Stushnoff, C. (2005). Relationship of cold acclimation, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity with chilling tolerance in petunia (Petunia× hybrida). Journal of Experimental Botany 53: 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.04.002.
34. Rauf, M., Munir, M., Hassan, M., Ahmad, M., & Afzal, M. (2007). Performance of wheat genotypes under osmotic stress at germination and early seedling growth stage. African Journal of Biotechnology 6(8): 68-73.
35. Rossi, L., Francini, A., Minnocci, A., & Sebastiani, L. (2015). Salt stress modifies apoplastic barriers in olive (Olea europaea ): a comparison between a salt-tolerant and a salt-sensitive cultivar. Scientia Horticulturae 192: 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.05.023.
36. Sánchez, F.J., Manzanares, M., de Andres, E.F., Tenorio, J.L., & Ayerbe, L. (1998). Turgor maintenance, osmotic adjustment and soluble sugar and proline accumulation in 49 pea cultivars in response to water stress. Field Crops Research 59(3): 225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00125-7.
37. Sangtarash, M.H., Qaderi, M.M., Chinnappa, C.C., & Reid, D.M. (2009). Carotenoid differential sensitivity of canola (Brassica napus) seedlings to ultraviolet-B radiation, water stress and abscisic acid. Environmental and Experimental Botany 66(2): 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.03.004.
38. Shah, T., Khan, A.Z., Numan, M., Ahmad, W., Zahoor, M., Ullah, M., & Jalal, A., (2017). Nutrient uptake and yield of wheat varieties as influenced by foliar potassium under drought condition. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 50(2): 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2017-0011.
39. Shahzad, A.N., Fatima, N., Sarwar, S., Bashir, M., Rizwan, M.F., Qayyum, M.K., Qureshi, M., Javaid, H., & Ahmad, S. (2017). Foliar application of potassium sulfate partially alleviates pre-anthesis drought-onduced kernel abortion in maize. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 19(3):495–501.
40. Smirnoff, N. (1993). The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist 27-58-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03863.x.
41. Soheili Movahed, S., Esmaeeli, A., Jabari, F., & Fooladi, A. (2017). Evaluation of yield and yield Components of some pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes under late season water deficit conditions, Journal of Agroecology 9(2): 433-444. (In Persian with English abstract)
42. Stepien, P., & Klobus, G. (2005). Antioxidant defense in the leaves of C3 and C4 plants under salinity stress. Plant Physiology 125: 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00534.x.
43. Tabatabaei, S., & Ehsanzadeh, P. (2016). Photosynthetic pigments, ionic and antioxidative behaviour of hulled tetraploid wheat in response to NaCl. Photosynthetica 54: 340-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0083-3.
44. Thalooth, A.T., Tawfik, M.M., & Mohamed, H.M. (2006). A comparative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium and magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of mungbean plants grown under water stress conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(1): 37-46.
45. Wang, X., Li, D., & Zahang, X. (1999). Relationship between irrigation amount and yield of cucumber in Solor greenhouse. China Vegetables Journal 1: 1-6.
46. Wright, H., Delong, J., Lada, R. & Prange, R. 2009. The relationship between water status and chlorophyll a fluorscence in grapes (Vitis ). Postharvest Biology and Technology 51: 193–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.07.004.
47. Wu, R., & Garg, A. (2003). Engineering rice plants with trehalose-producing genes improves tolerance to drought, salt, and low temperature. ISB news report 3-7.
48. Xiao, X., Xu, X., & Yang, F. (2008). Adaptive responses to progressive drought stress in two Populus cathayana Silva Fennica 42(5): 705-719.
49. Zhang, J., & Kirkham, M.B. (1996). Antioxidant responses to drought in sunflower and sorghum seedlings. New Phytologist 132: 361-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01856.x.
50. Zhang1991, J., & Davies, W.J. (1991). Antitranspirant activity in xylem sap of maize plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 42(3): 317-321. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/42.3.317.
51. Zhao, D. Y., Shen, L., Fan, B., Liu, K.L., Yu, M.M., Zheng, Y., Ding, Y., & Sheng, J.P. (2009). Physiological and genetic properties of tomato fruits from 2 cultivars differing in chilling tolerance at cold storage. Journal of Food Science 74(5): 348-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01156.x.